Shiba (clan)

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Shiba coat of arms

The Shiba ( Japanese 斯波 氏 , Shiba-shi ) were daimyō , who were derived from Minamoto Yasuuji (Seiwa-Genji). They were also called Bue ( 武衛 ) after the district in Kyoto where the family resided. During the Ashikaga Shogunate , they were one of the three families ( 三 管 領sankanrei ), along with the Hatakeyama and the Hosokawa , from which the Kyōto Kanrei could be elected as governors of the shoguns.

genealogy

  • Ieuji ( 家 氏 ), Yasuuji's son, was the first to call himself Shiba at the end of the 13th century .
  • Takatsune ( 高 経 ; † 1367), Ieuji's great-grandson, joined Ashikaga Takauji , helped defeat the imperial army at Takenoshita ( Suruga province ) and marched in 1335 in Kyōto. The following year he defeated Wakiya Yoshisuke and Nitta Yoshiaki at Uryu ( Settsu Province ). He then occupied Kanagasaki Castle ( Echizen Province ) in 1337 , where Nitta Yoshisada had settled, and in 1338 Takanosu Castle. This was defended by Hata Toshiyoshi, who was killed in the process. After these victories, the Südhof had no more comrades-in-arms in and around Echizen. - But Takatsune, after his arguments with Takauji, now supported Ashikaga Tadafuyu, who had withdrawn to Echizen in 1354 after defeats. After Takauji's death, Takatsune was reconciled with Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiakira , whereupon his son Yoshimasa was appointed minister (shitsuji) in 1362. - However, the peace did not last long, Takatsune got into an argument with Sasaki Ujiyori and Akamatsu Norisuke. Yoshiakira put Ujiyori and Hatakeyama Yoshitō against him, who besieged him in his castle Somayama (Echizen). He resisted for more than a year, but then died during the siege.
  • Yoshimasa ( 義 将 ; † 1410), Takatsune's son, was appointed Shitsuji in 1362, a position that Ashikaga Yoshimitsu renamed in 1367 as Shogun in Kanrei . Supported by the new Shogun, Yoshimasa became governor of the provinces of Echizen, Noto , Shinano , Sado and Wakasa . Yoshimasa is also known as a poet.
  • Yoshitake ( 義 健 ; † 1452) died without offspring. There was a dispute about the succession: one side stood up for Shibukawa Yoshikado, another for Ōno Yoshitoshi.
  • Yoshikado ( 義 廉 ; around 1480) was the son of Shibukawa Yoshino. After Yoshitake's death, his cousin Yoshitoshi was initially chosen as his successor, but the great vassals of the Shiba, namely the Kai, the Klan and the Oda refused to recognize this choice and named Yoshikado. Then war broke out between the rival parties until Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa recognized the nomination of Yoshikado in 1459 and gave orders to subordinate all domains to the Shiba. Yoshitoshi fled to Suō Province without giving up his claims . His case came before the court in Kyoto, and in 1466 the Shogun revoked his previous decision and confirmed Yoshitoshi as his rightful successor. However, Yoshikado refused to recognize this decision and asked his father-in-law, Yamana Sōzen ( 山 名 宗 全 ; 1404–1473) for help. The Shogun, under pressure, dropped Yoshitoshi and made Yoshikado Kanrei. In the following year the Ōnin war broke out: Yoshikado naturally sided with Sōzen. After peace was restored in 1477, Yoshikado retired to his Kiyoshi Castle.
  • Yoshitoshi ( 義 敏 ; 1430-1490) was Ōno Yoshikanes son, who had been adopted by Shiba Mochitane, an uncle of Yoshitake. When Yoshitake died in 1452, the Yoshitoshi family appointed him as his successor. The great vassals refused recognition and began to divide the Shiba domains among themselves. So the Oda took the province of Owari, the Asakura Echizen, the Kai Tōtōmi etc. Yoshitoshi called the shogun Yoshimasa, whereupon the rebels sent Ise Sadachika to the shogun, who justified their claims with the inability of Yoshitoshis. The Shogun was persuaded and determined Yoshikado as his successor. Yoshitoshi went to Suō and asked Ōuchi Norihiro for help. At this time the sister of Yoshitoshi's wife married Ise Sadachika, who went to the Shogun, where he now campaigned for Yoshitoshi's rights and was successful. In 1466 Yoshitoshi was again chosen as his successor. Yoshikado then marched with the support of his father-in-law Yamana Sōzen to Kyoto. Yoshitoshi had to flee north, and when the Onin War broke out he was of course on the side of Hosokawa Katsumoto , Sōzen's opponent. In 1475 Yoshitoshi withdrew to Owari, which, however, had largely taken over by the Oda. Yoshitoshi then evaded to Echizen, where he also died.
  • Yoshisato ( 義 達 ; † 1521) was a grandson of Yoshikado. He tried in vain to regain power over his vassals. The three big ones had made themselves almost independent of him in their domains.
  • Yoshimune ( 義 続 ; † 1554), Yoshisato's son, was beaten by Oda Nobutomo and then committed suicide.
  • Yoshikane ( 義 銀 ; † 1572), Yoshimune's son, asked Oda Nobunaga for help against Nobutomo. he besieged at Kiyosu Castle. He defeated and killed him and took over the castle. When he tried to evade Nobunaga's authority, he had to leave the Owari . First he went to Ise , then to Kawachi , where he died in poverty. With him, the family that had played an important role for over two hundred years died out.

literature

  • Edmond Papinot: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprint of the 1910 edition. Tuttle, 1972, ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .