Shugakuin mansion

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View of the dragon bath pond

The Shugakuin Villa ( Japanese 修 学院 離宮 , Shugakuin rikyū ) is a residential and garden complex at the foot of the Hiei Mountain on the northern edge of Kyoto . The villa, like the gardens of the imperial Katsura villa and the Sento palace , is accessible upon request from the Imperial Court Office, Kyoto office.

history

On the lower western slope there was already a temple in the Heian period , but it fell into disrepair in the Muromachi period . In 1655, the retired Emperor Go-Mizunoo ( 後 水 尾 上皇 ) decided to build teahouses according to his plans in an extensive area on the lower western slope of Mount Hiei , which in 1659 was known as the "Upper and Lower Villa" ( 上 ・ 下 離宮 Kami- / Shimo-rikyū , officially: 上 ・ 下 御 茶屋 , Kami-no- or Shimo-no-ochaya , German "upper or lower tea house") were completed. Together the system was also called "Shugakuin sansō". Later a residence for Princess Ake, the daughter of the emperor, the Ake no Miya Gosho ( 朱 宮 御所 ) was built, to which a temple with the name Rinkyū-ji belonged. The princess had finally become a nun and prayed for her father's soul. This complex came to the Imperial Court Office in 1885 as the “Middle Villa” ( 中 離宮 Naka-rikyū , officially: 中 御 茶屋 , Naka-no-ochaya ). The pond below the Upper Villa was created by building a dam that collected mountain water. Water was also drawn from the Otowa River to create waterfalls. Paths and pavilions were created around the pond, which was named "Dragon Bath Pond" ( 浴 龍池Yokuryūchi ). In contrast to the Katsura villa, there have never been any larger buildings here, and the gardens are closer to nature than in the former.

Shūgakuin is known for numerous stone lanterns in unusual shapes, including a "Christian" ( キ リ シ タ ン 燈籠 ) in front of the Kayuden.

Lower villa

You enter the entire complex through the outer gate ( 総 門 ), pass the Onarimon ( 御 成 門 ) and reach that

  • Jūgetsukan ( 寿 月 観 ). It is 12 tatami tall and built in the Sukiya style . The sliding doors are painted by Ganku and Hara Saichū , artists of the late Edo period . Next to it is the
  • Zōroku-an ( 蔵 六 庵 ) tea house . This name is shown on a sign on the gable, but it was originally the name for another building nearby that was a waiting room for servants. The tea house is only 5 tatami in size.

The Lower Villa receives its stream water from the Upper Villa.

Medium villa

The complex of the Middle Villa to the south is entered through the front gate ( 表 御 門 ), which is again followed by an Onarimon. Next to the Rinkū-ji there are two buildings:

  • Rakushi-ken ( 楽 只 軒 ) is the first building built for Princess Ake in 1668. The pond in front of the Rakushi-ken is fed by the nearby Otowa river. To the south, the building is equipped with a veranda that extends the full width of the house, behind which there is another garden. The first room contains a niche that was painted by Kanō Tanshin . The painting shows the cherry blossom by Yoshino . The second room is also painted by Tanshin, with the famous Tatsuta river being shown with maple trees.
  • Kyakuden ( 客 殿 ) is a building for receiving guests. Originally belonging to the residence of the Empress Tofufukumon-in, it was moved here after her death. The building has an irimoya roof , which is covered with thick tree bark ( 栩 葺 tochibuki ). The first room you enter is the Ni-no-ma, whose sliding doors were painted by Kanō Hidenobu . The second room, Ichi-no-ma, has a Shōin-style wall with a decorative niche for scroll paintings and flowers and next to it a wide wall of shelves with offset shelves. Its background is decorated with eight poems that sing about the "Eight Views" from this villa. This shelf wall is one of the “three important shelves” ( S 御 棚tenka no sampō ) with those in the Katsura villa and in the Sampōin des Daigo-ji .
  • Rinkyū-ji ( 林丘 寺 ): This small temple is reached via a side path below the Middle Villa and is accessible via a gate. Next to the main hall there is a small residence and the memorial hall for the founder.

Upper villa

The Upper Villa is reached via an avenue planted with pine trees. The area comprises three-quarters of the villa complex and is more important than the other two villas. First, the Onarimon is passed again, then you can see the large pond and some buildings.

  • The dragon bathing pond ( 浴 龍池 ) encloses three islands, of which the central island is connected with the maple bridge and the earth bridge with the surroundings. The small island in the north takes its name Miho ( 三 保 島 ) from a curved stretch of coast in Shizuoka Prefecture , which is famous for its pine trees. The elaborately built thousand-year bridge ( 千 歳 島 chitoseshima ) leads from the central island to the neighboring smaller island of Banshō-shima ( 万松 島 ). This bridge was not built until 1824 when Shogun Tokugawa Ienari provided funds for repairs. The covered bridge has two differently designed roofs at its ends: on the island side the roof is crowned by a gilded phoenix, on the other side the roof, under which there is seating, is designed more simply.
  • Rinun-tei ( 隣 雲亭 ) is the main building, rebuilt in 1824 similar to the previous building. A narrow veranda surrounds the front of the six tatami and three tatami rooms. On the north side there is a free porch from which you can hear the rushing of the nearby "male waterfall" ( 雄 滝 odaki ). That probably led to the name of this porch, "poetry washing pedestal" ( 洗 詩 台 Senshi-dai ). The entire outer front consists of sliding doors covered with paper.
  • Kyūsui-ken ( 窮 邃 亭 ) is located on the middle island of the Dragon Bath Pond; the pavilion can be reached via the Ahorn Bridge. It is the only building in the Upper Villa that remains unchanged from the time it was founded, apart from the thorough repairs in 1824. The pavilion has a square floor plan, it is made of large bricks that show a chrysanthemum pattern and is crowned with a "pearl head" ( 宝珠 頭 hōjugashira ).

photos

Remarks

  1. As a surface measure called jō, 1.65 m².

literature

  • Dentō bunka hōzon kyōkai (Ed.): Shugakuin rikyū. 1991, 36 pp.
  • Yamamoto, Jirō: Kyōto-fu no rekishi sampo (chū). Yamakawa Shuppan, 1998, ISBN 978-4-634-29560-5 , p. 10 ff.

Web links

Commons : Shugaku-in Imperial Villa  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Coordinates: 35 ° 3 ′ 13.3 "  N , 135 ° 48 ′ 6.3"  E