Ganku

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portrait

Ganku ( Japanese 岸 駒 ; April 14, 1756 ( traditional : Hōreki 6/3/15) or * 1749 in Kanazawa ; † January 19, 1839 (traditional: Tempō 9/12/5), January 28 or May 12 1838 in Iwakura near Kyōto (today: Iwakura, Sakyō-ku , Kyōto)) was a Japanese animal painter . He founded the Kishi School and is considered one of the most famous Japanese painters of the late Edo period .

Names

Ganku is the commonly used reading of 岸 駒 , but it is also read as the two-part name Kishi Ku and Kishi Koma . He comes from the Saeki family ( 佐伯 ). His childhood name ( yōmyō ) was Otsujirō ( 乙 次郎 ), his adult name ( azana ) Funzen ( 賁 然 ) and his real name Masaaki ( 昌明 ). Artist names were Kayō ( 華陽 ), Ransai ( 蘭 斎 ), Dōkōkan ( 同 功 館 ), Kakandō ( 可 観 堂 ), Kotōkan ( 虎頭 館 ), Tenkaikutsu ( 天 開 屈 ).

Life

Ganku was born the son of a tailor and showed a great talent for painting even as a boy. He studied the models of the Kanō masters and previously probably worked in a dye works , where he painted fabric samples. In 1780 he went to Kyoto, where he painted in the style of Shen Nanpins and soon made a name for himself. He attended Nagasaki School and, to express his devotion to this school, took the name of its chief representative, Ransai. He also studied the techniques of Ōkyo (1733–1795) and his pupil Goshun (1752–1811), from whom he adopted the decorative-naturalistic style of painting.

In 1784 the priestly prince Arisugawa became aware of his paintings in the temple Bukko-ji and took him under his special protection. He gave him various titles and names and gave him a distinguished position at the imperial court. In 1789 Ganku was commissioned to decorate the new building of the burned down imperial palace . In 1808 he received the honorary title of vice governor ( suke ) of the province of Echizen . A year later, the daimyo Maeda invited him to Kanazawa to decorate the newly renovated, also burned down prince 's castle. Ganku reached the peak of his career, and many of the works he still have today date from this period.

In 1824 he went to Iwakura north of Kyoto and retired from public life. Shortly before his death he received the title of governor ( kami ) of the province of Echizen as an award .

plant

Fusuma : Dragon and Tiger ( Walters Art Museum )

Ganku acquired the techniques of various Japanese and New Chinese masters and developed from them his own powerful, very realistic and graphically emphasized style. He had a wide range of themes that included landscapes , portraits and depictions of flowers, birds ( kachōga ) and various animals. The Kishi school he founded was particularly famous for its tigers . However, he had never seen a live tiger - like almost all Japanese painters of the time. Instead, he used house cats as models , tiger skins imported from China and a real tiger head that had been given to him in 1798. His most characteristic tiger pictures include the hanging scroll Mōkozu owned by the Maeda family, as well as the Tora ni nami zu (1823, Tokyo National Museum ) and tiger family ( Cleveland Museum of Art ) pairs of screens consisting of six parts .

The painting style of the Kishi school slowly went out of fashion after the Edo period and lost its influence and popularity. The most important pupils were his son Gantai (1785-1865), his nephew Ganryō (1791-1852), his son-in-law Renzan (1805-59) and Yokoyama Kazan (1784-1837). Most famous was Renzan's son Chikudo (1826–97), who continued the tradition of the Kishi school with success into the premodern .

Ganku's works can be found in many important art museums around the world, including a. in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston , in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City , in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford or in the National Museum of Kyoto . In Germany he can be seen primarily in the Museum of Asian Art in Berlin .

Exhibitions

literature

Web links

Commons : Kishi Ganku  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c 岸 駒 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved September 4, 2012 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ a b c d Otto Kümmel : Ganku 岸 駒 . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 13 : Gaab-Gibus . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1920, p. 160–161 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  3. ^ Louis Frédéric : Japan Encyclopedia . Harvard University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-674-00770-0 , pp. 231 (English, limited preview in the Google book search - French: Japon, dictionnaire et civilization . Translated by Käthe Roth).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Khanh Trinh: Ganku . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 48, Saur, Munich a. a. 2006, ISBN 3-598-22788-4 , p. 391.
  5. ↑ Wolf Stadler: Lexikon der Kunst 5. 1994, p. 11.
personal data
SURNAME Ganku
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 岸 駒 (Japanese); Saeki Otsujirō; Saeki Masaaki; Kensuke; Kishi coma; Kishi Ku; Seimei; Spark; Ransai; Kayō; Kakandō; Kotōkan; Kyūsōsai; Dōkōkan; Tenkaikutsu; Kanō Kashin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese painter
DATE OF BIRTH 1749 or April 14, 1756
PLACE OF BIRTH Kanazawa
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1838 or May 12, 1838 or January 19, 1839
Place of death Iwakura near Kyoto