Siamese-Burmese War 1593–1600

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Siamese-Burmese War
Naresuan's campaigns to Burma: 1594 (red), 1595/96 (brown), 1599–1602 (yellow)
Naresuan's campaigns to Burma: 1594 (red), 1595/96 (brown), 1599–1602 (yellow)
date 1593 to 1600
place Tenasserim Coast, Burmese Gulf Coast, Irawadi Basin (Burma)
Casus Belli After Ayutthaya had been able to make itself independent of Pegu, it went over to the offensive
output Naresuan failed to conquer Burma, but left it in disagreement
consequences Siam's most powerful neighbor to date, Burma, was weakened
Parties to the conflict

Seal of Ayutthaya (King Narai) goldStamp bgred.png Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam)

Kingdom of Pegu under the Taungu Dynasty (Burma)

Commander

King Naresuan

King Nandabayin


In the count of the historian Prince Damrong Rajanubhab for the Siamese-Burmese wars, this is number 11–14. At the same time, the Siamese-Cambodian War took place in 1593–1594 .

The Siamese-Burmese War of 1593–1600 was started by the Siamese King Naresuan to reduce the threat posed by the Burmese from Pegu and, if possible, to conquer Burma .

prehistory

In 1593, after his victory in the Battle of Nong Sarai with the legendary elephant duel, King Naresuan (ruled 1590 to 1605) finally expelled the Burmese from the central plain of the Mae Nam Chao Phraya and made the Kingdom of Ayutthaya effectively independent of Burmese suzerainty again. As early as 1584 he had given up his loyalty to the King of Pegu (later historians interpreted this as a "declaration of independence"), which had led to the Siamese-Burmese War (1584–1593). He now wanted to exploit the weakening of the empire of the Burmese Taungu dynasty , as well as push it even further by threatening the Burmese possessions on the Malay Peninsula .

course

Naresuan's troops first took the coastal town of Tavoy in 1593 , which had previously been part of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya. The surrounding areas were also occupied before Naresuan set out further north to bring Moulmein and Martaban under Siamese control. After fighting in the east of Ayutthaya, Naresuan also took the Cambodian capital Lovek ( Khmer : លង្វែក ) in 1594 and helped Chiang Mai against attacks by Luang Prabang the following year .

In 1596 Naresuan turned back to Burmese territory and drove its troops from the Malay Peninsula to the capital Pegu , where an uprising against King Nandabayin broke out. Naresuan saw his advantage, occupied Pegu and held it for a while. The insurgents then took state affairs into their own hands, murdered King Nanda Bayin in 1599 and were finally able to drive out the Siamese troops.

consequences

The shaking of the power of the Burmese king as a result of the capture of Pegus by Naresuan led to chaos in the empire and ultimately to its dissolution into unorganized small states. Burma was unable to threaten Ayutthaya for the next 150 years.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Damrong Rajanubhab: Rueang thai rop phama khrang krung kao. 1917 (English: Our Wars with the Burmese. Thai-Burmese conflict 1539-1767. Translated and edited by Chris Baker . White Lotus, Bangkok 2001, ISBN 9747534584 , pp. 136-169.)

literature

  • GE Harvey: A History of Burma . London: Frank Cass 1967.
  • Victor B. Lieberman: Burmese Administrative Cycles: anarchy and conquest, c. 1580-1760 . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1985. ISBN 069105407X .
  • Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod: Encyclopedia of Wars . 3 Vols. New York: Facts on File 2004. ISBN 9780816028511 .
  • Barend Jan Terwiel : The Battle of Nong Sarai (1593) and the Relationship between the Largest Political Units in Mainland Southeast Asia. In: Guerre et paix en Asie du Sud-est. Paris 1998, pp. 39-54.