Sigismund Toduță

Sigismund Toduță (born May 17, 1908 in Simeria , Hunedoara district; † July 3, 1991 in Cluj-Napoca ) was a Romanian composer, musicologist and teacher and a member of the Romanian Academy. The music schools of Cluj and Deva are named after him.

Life

Toduță studied at the College of Music and Drama in Cluj (1926–1930 Pedagogical Faculty, 1926–1932 Piano Department, 1930–1936 Composition Department); his teachers included Ecaterina Fotino-Negru (piano) and Martian Negrea (composition). Toduță specialized at the Santa Cecilia Academy in Rome (1936–1938) with Ildebrando Pizzetti (composition) and Alfredo Casella (piano) and at the same time at the Pontifical Institute for Church Music (1936–1938) in sacred music, religious composition and organ. He was a music teacher at the Holy Basilium High School in Blaj (1932–1943). Later assistant and répétiteur at the Conservatory for Music and Performing Arts in Cluj-Timişoara (1943–1944). After the war Toduță was appointed artistic secretary of the Philharmonic Orchestra "Transilvania" in Cluj (1945-1949). From 1947 he was professor of theory, solfège, ear training, composition, counterpoint and composition at the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy in Cluj (until 1973) and as rector from 1962 to 1965. Between 1971 and 1974 he directed the Philharmonic Orchestra in Cluj.

He received a PhD in Musicology (Rome, 1938) at the Pontifical Institute for Church Music on the subject of "Transcription and Commentary on Some Unusual Youth Works Signed by Giovanni Francesco Anerio ". He was the first Romanian to receive this academic title and in 1968 was entrusted with the scientific management of doctoral theses in five areas of music. He also became a member of the Academy of Social and Political Sciences (since 1970) and a member of the Romanian Academy (since March 1991).

His creative work has been rewarded with many awards (see below).

In the three periods in which Sigismund Toduță was created, one can observe tendencies towards the convergence and combination of Gregorian and Byzantine religious music with Romanian folk music within the forms of classical European music. Elements of the Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque appear in the first creative period; the last period shows an orientation towards heterophony and a highly chromatic modalism . Sigismund Toduță had a clear tendency to cultivate large forms, although instrumental, vocal or choral miniatures are not excluded.

He was the first Romanian composer to achieve a true personal style after George Enescu and Paul Constantinescu .

Works

Choral-symphonic music

• Mass for mixed choir with organ accompaniment (1937)
• Psalm 97, for mixed choir, soloists and orchestra (1938–39).
• Psalm 133, for choir, soloists and orchestra.
• The children sing, set of choirs of equal voices and string orchestra, verses by Ana Voileanu-Nicoară (1960)
• Ballad of the flag, for soprano, mixed choir and orchestra, verses by Victor Tulbure (1961)
• The Sheep: Ballad Oratorio for Soloists, Mixed Choir and Orchestra, Volksverse (1978)

• Following the Steps of Horea: Oratorio for Soloists, Mixed Choir and Orchestra, Folk Verses (1978)
• Maestro Manole: Opera oratorio in three acts based on the drama of the same name by Lucian Blaga (1980–83)
• 4 songs for soprano and orchestra, texts by W. Shakespeare, Fr. V. Schoeber, RM Rilke, Ch. Baudelaire.

Symphonic and concert music

• Eclogue for large orchestra (1933)
• Three symphonic sketches for large orchestra (1936)
• Symphonic Variations for Large Orchestra (1940)
• 1st Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1943)
• 4 pieces for string orchestra by Valentin Greff Bakfark (1950)
• Divertimento for string orchestra (1951)
• 1st Concerto for String Orchestra (1951)
• 1st symphony (1954)
• 2nd symphony in d minor with organ "In memory of George Enescu" (1955)

• 3rd Symphony "Ovid" (1957)
• Festive Overture (1959)
• 5th symphony (1962/75)
• Concerto for wind instruments and percussion (1970/1976).
• 2nd Concerto for String Orchestra (1972–73)
• 3rd concert for string orchestra "in the old style" (1974)
• Old Siegel for String Orchestra (1974)
• Sinfonieta "In the old style" (1977)
• 4th Concerto for String Orchestra (1980)
• Concerto for flute and string orchestra (1983)
• 2nd Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1986)
• Concerto for oboe and string orchestra (1989)

Chamber music

• String Quartet (1936)
• Prelude for piano
• Father Hubic seen by Dr. S. Toduţa for piano (1941)
• Piece ... for piano
• Passacaglia for piano (1943)
• 3 sketches for piano (1944)

• Sonatina for piano (1950)
• Suite of songs and dances for piano (1951).
• Sonata for flute and piano (1952)
• 10 Christmas carols for piano (1952)
• Sonata for cello and piano (1952)
• 1st sonata for violin and piano (1953)

• Adagio for cello and piano (1954).
• Sonata for oboe and piano (1955)
• 4 sketches for harp (1958)
• 4 pieces for piano (ca.1958)
• 6 pieces for piano (approx. 1960)
• Threnos for piano (1970)

• Prelude - Choral - Toccata for piano (1973–1974)
• Tartine for piano (1975)
• Joko, 4 pieces for harp (1978)
• ... for peace, for piano (1987)

• 2nd sonata for violin and piano (1981)
• Sonatina for violin and piano (1981)
• 6 pieces for oboe solo (1981)
• BACH Symphony, for organ (1984)
• 7 chorale preludes for organ (1985)

• Recitative, for piano (around 1985)
• 2nd sonata for flute and piano (1987–88)
• Sonata for flute solo (1989)
• Sonata for violoncello solo (1989)

Choral music

• 1. Liturgy for Saint John of Antioch for mixed choir (1937)

• Psalm 23, for mixed choir (1937)
• Psalm 97, for mixed choir and organ (1938)
• Psalm 133, for soloists, choir and orchestra (1939)
• Archaisms, for mixed choir, text by Mihail Celerianu (1942/1968)
• 20 choirs, for equal voices (1958–59)

• 5 pieces from Banat, for male voices (1955–58)
• 10 mixed choirs (1950–56)
• 15 mixed choirs (1969)

• Triptych, for equal voices, with text by Ana Voileanu - Nicoară (1951)
• Cloud, for equal voices, with text by Vlaicu Barna (1951)

• Lullaby, Canon for Equal Voices (1955)

• Hymn for Peace, for children's choir with piano accompaniment, with text by Vlaicu Barna (1956)

• Codrule when I passed you by for male voices (1960)

• Treble, for male voices, with text by Stefan Bitan (1961)

• 2 madrigals, texts by Dante, for mixed choir (1965)

• 6 folk songs (1973)

• On the River Babylon, for mixed choir (1974)

• 2nd liturgy (1974)

• Song for pioneers, for children's choir and piano, with text by Ana Voileanu Nicoară (1976)

• Close to longing, 3 madrigals with texts by Lucian Blaga (1978)

• 4 madrigals, with texts by Lucian Blaga for mixed choir (1981)

• 10 mini chorals, for equal voices, with folk texts

• 3 choirs, for equal voices, with texts by Lucian Blaga (1986)

• Doina 1, Doina 2, game, for equal voices and piano, with folk texts (1985)

• 2 choirs, for equal voices with texts by Ana Blandiana (1989–90)

Songs

• Sleeping birds, with text by Mihai Eminescu (1943)
• Thy silence, with text by Octavian Goga (1943)
• The rainbow of love, with text by Mihai Beniuc (1947)
• Sponges, with text by Vlaicu Barna (1951)
• 4 folk songs, for piano (1953)
• May 9, 1895, with text by Lucian Blaga (1957)
• 14 songs, for piano, with texts by Lucian Blaga (1984)
• 16 songs, for piano, with texts by Anne Blandiana (1987)
• 5 songs, for soprano voice and piano, with texts by W. Shakespeare, Fr. V. Schoeber, RM Rilke, Ch.Baudelaire, E. Montale (1987)
• 5 songs, for mezzo-soprano or baritone voice and piano, with texts by Lucian Blaga (1983/1988)

Musicological writings

The musical forms of the baroque in the works of JS Bach. Bucureşti, Editura Muzicală (Bucharest, music publisher).

Volume I: Small one- and two- and three-part form, 1969.

Volume II: 15 inventions for two voices. 15 inventions of three voices. In collaboration with Hans Peter Türk . 1973.

Volume III. Variation form. Rondo shape. In collaboration with Vasile Herman . 1978.

Orders, awards and prizes

• 2. Composition Prize "George Enescu" (1940)
• Robert Cremer Prize (1943)
• State Prize (1953, 1955)
• "Master Student of Art" (1957)
• Order of Labor 2nd Class (1964)
• "George Enescu" Prize of the Romanian Academy (1974)
• four-time award from the composers' association (1973, 1976, 1978 and 1983)

heritage

The artist's legacy is preserved by the Sigismund Toduță Foundation in Cluj-Napoca. Together with the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy, it organizes the annual international festival “Sigismund Toduță”, which was initiated in 2013.

The composer's name is given to streets and institutions, including:

• of the Sigismund Toduță Music Academy in Cluj-Napoca
• of the Sigismund Toduță University of Music and Fine Arts in Deva
• the street where the musician lived in Cluj-Napoca.

A bust of the composer is in the central park in Cluj-Napoca.

The 100th anniversary of the musician (2008) was celebrated at the University of Oldenburg with a symposium dedicated to Todu undă and the Cluj School of Composition.

Literature (in romanian)

• Ninuca Oșanu-Pop, Mihai Ghircoiaș, Ana Maria Bularca (2008). Sigismund Toduță: destăinuiri, documente, mărturii, Casa Cărții de Știință, Cluj-Napoca, ISBN 978-973-133-281-9 .
• Tatiana Oltean, Mitul Meșterului Manole în lumina binomului creator Sigismund Toduță - Lucian Blaga , Cluj-Napoca, Editura Eikon, 2012, ISBN 973-757-654-3 and ISBN 978-973-757-654-5 .
• Sbârcea, George, Prima audiție a Simfoniei a III-a de S. Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 10, Bucureşti, 1957.
• Popovici, Doru, “Balada steagului” de Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 7, Bucureşti, 1961.
• Leahu, Alexandru, Simfonia a II-a de S. Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 10, Bucureşti, 1963.
• Berger, Wilhelm-Georg, Ghid pentru muzica instrumentală de cameră , Editura Muzicală, București, 1965.
• Herman, Vasile, Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 6, Bucureşti, 1965.
• Popovici, Doru, Muzica corală românească , Editura Muzicală, București, 1966.
• Țăranu, Cornel, Oratoriul “Miorița” de Sigismund Toduță , în: “Lucrări de muzicologie”, vol. 5, Conservatorul Gh. Dima, Cluj, 1969.
• Vancea, Zeno, Creația muzicală românească , vol. I, II, Editura Muzicală, Bucureşti, 1968–1978.
• Popovici, Doru, “Formele muzicale ale barocului în operele lui JS Bach” de Sigismund Toduță ; în: “Muzica”, București, No. 11/1969.
• Țăranu, Cornel, Miorița. Balada-oratoriu de Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 12, Bucureşti, 1969.
• Hoffman, Alfred, Oratoriul “Miorița” de Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, Bucureşti, No.10 / 1970.
• Cosma Viorel, Muzicieni români, Lexicon , Editura Muzicală, Bucureşti, 1970.
• Drăgoi V., Constantin, Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 9, Bucureşti, 1970.
• Stoianov, Carmen, Miorița în creația a trei compozitori români - Paul Constantinescu, Anatol Vieru, Sigismund Toduță , în: “Studii de Muzicologie”, vol. X, Editura Muzicală, Bucureşti, 1974.
• Vartolomei, Luminița, Concerto per archi no. 2, de Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, București, no. 2/1975.
• Oană-Pop, Rodica, Passacaglia pentru pian de S. Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 11, Bucureşti, nov. 1975. Berger, Wilhelm-Georg, Muzica simfonică modernă-contemporană, 1930–1950, Ghid , vol. IV, Editura Muzicală, Bucureşti, 1976.
• Berger, Wilhelm-Georg, Muzica simfonică contemporană, 1950–1970, Ghid , vol. V, Editura Muzicală, Bucureşti, 1977.
• Vancea, Zeno, Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, Bucureşti, No. 4/1977.
• Marbe, Myriam, În căutarea veșnicului Bach sau “Formele muzicale ale barocului” de Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, București, No. 7/1979.
• Barbu, Casiu, oratorio “Pe urmele lui Horea” from S. Toduță , în: “Steaua”, no. 1, Cluj-Napoca, ian. 1979.
• Popescu, Mihai, Repertoriul general al creației muzicale româneşti , Editura Muzicală, Bucureşti, vol. I, 1979, vol. II, 1981.
• Petecel, Despina, Muzicienii noștri se destăinuie , vol. II, Editura Muzicală a UCMR, Bucureşti, 1995.
• Popovici, Doru, Liedurile lui Sigismund Toduță , în: “Muzica”, no. 1, Bucureşti, 1993.
• Voiculescu, Dan, Sigismund Toduță și doctoratul în muzicologia din România , în: “Muzica”, no. 2, Bucureşti, 1998.
• Firca, Gheorghe, Sigismund Toduță, în: “Reflexe ale memoriei” , Editura Univers Enciclopedic, București, 1999.
• Gherman, Liliana, Marginalii la Concertul (no. 2) pentru pian și orchestră de S. Toduță , în: “Studii de teoria artei”, ARTES, no. 2-3, Iași, 1999.
• Firca, Clemensa Liliana, Modernitate și avangardă în muzica ante-și interbelică a sec. XX , Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 2002.
• Sandu-Dediu, Valentina, Muzica românească între 1944–2000 , Editura Muzicală, Bucureşti, 2002.
• Iacob, Hilda, Aspecte stilistice în creația vocală și vocal-simfonică a lui S. Toduță , Editura MediaMusica, Cluj-Napoca, 2002.
• Gavriș, Mihaela, Sonatele cu pian ale lui Sigismund Toduță - nel mezzo dell 'camin' , Editura Arpeggione, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
• Voiculescu, Dan, Polifonia sec. XX, Editura Muzicală, București, 2005.
• Banciu, Ecaterina, Arhetipuri estetice ale relației Ethos - Affectus în istoria muzicii , Editura MediaMusica Cluj-Napoca, 2006.
• Țârc, Mirela, Articularea formei în simfoniile compozitorilor clujeni din a doua jumătate a sec. XX , Editura Universității Oradea, 2007.
• Gorea, Luminița, Rolul solistic al flautului în creația clujeană a sec. XX , Editura MediaMusica, 2007.
• Solomon, Adrian; Solomon, Carmen; Buzași, Ion, Sigismund Toduță și Blajul , Editura Buna Vestire, Blaj, 2008.
• Roman, Delia, Universul expresiv al liedului românesc reflectat în interpretarea creației lui Sigismund Toduță , Editura Risoprint, Cluj, 2008.
• Roman, Delia, Elements de limbaj și stilistica interpretării liedurilor lui Sigismund Toduță , Editura Risoprint, Cluj, 2008.
• Marc, Aurel, Excelența oboiului în creația Marilor Maeștri; Sigismund Toduță - creația pentru oboi , Editura MediaMusica, 2008.
• Banciu, Ecaterina, Itinerarii muzicologice: Mozart, Puccini, Toduță, Terényi , Editura MediaMusica, Cluj-Napoca, 2009.
• Duțică, Gheorghe, În căutarea ordinii arhetipale. O abordare tipologică a invarianților structurali în creația lui Sigismund Toduță, în “Lucrări de muzicologie”, vol. 22, Editura MediaMusica, Cluj-Napoca, 2009.
• Cristescu, Constanța, Sigismund Toduță și stilul liturgic de la Blaj , Editura Arpeggione, 2011.
• Bălan, Oana, Lucrările pentru pian solo de Sigismund Toduță , Editura Risoprint, Cluj, 2013.
• Rîmbu, Romeo, Crochiu al școlii clujene de compoziție, focalizat pe analiza simfoniilor mentorului ei, Sigismund Toduță , Editura Universității din Oradea, Oradea, 2012.
• Rîmbu, Romeo, Oratoriul Miorița de Sigismund Toduță , Editura Universității din Oradea, Oradea, 2012.
• Rîmbu, Romeo, Miorița în creația compozitorilor români , Editura Universității din Oradea, Oradea, 2012.
• Duțică, Luminița, Concertul pentru orchestră în creația compozitorilor români , vol. 1 - 2, Editura Muzicală, București, 2013.

Web links (in Romanian)

• Academia Romana (membri)
• De Ziua Naţională a României, Institutul Cultural Român din Lisabona aniversează Centenarul Sigismund Toduţă (1908–1991)
• Elena SORBAN - cronici muzicale
• Mari hunedoreni uitaţi in 2011

Individual evidence (partly in Romanian)

1. ↑ Elena SORBAN - cronici muzicale. Retrieved February 6, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Compozitorul clujean Sigismund Toduţă, are, după patru ani, bust în Parcul Central. Retrieved February 6, 2019 . 
3. ↑ 2008_Sigismund Toduta and the Klausenburger Composition School. September 10, 2018, accessed February 6, 2019 .