Signaling
Signaling (or signaling ) is an umbrella term for the delivery of characters ( signals or messages ) in various areas of communication and technology.
- In direct interpersonal contact, a short, also non-verbal hint ( it signals his consent )
- a message transmission by flashing signals or the like - z. B. green light (free travel), nautical signaling between ships, or alpine emergency signal
- signal oneself (outdated for "make yourself noticeable")
- Marking of important points - e.g. B. at survey points or on structures ; see range pole , marker
- in Switzerland also generally for signposting, e.g. B. in road traffic
- in telecommunications, the transmission of control information.
Signaling in telecommunications
General
Signaling ( English signaling ) is the transmission of information for control purposes. In the telecommunications sector, control signals are usually transmitted in coded form . They are decoded and interpreted on the receiving end using a signaling protocol .
The communication within a telecommunications network is controlled with the aid of signaling . This can mean: the control of individual messages, individual channels, or even an entire telephone network . The main purpose of the exchange of signaling information is to establish connections between subscribers , to maintain them and finally to clear them down again. Participants can be people or machines (processes).
When setting up and clearing connections, subscriber and network-specific service features (for example switching-related performance features ) are also taken into account. Connection tests, measurements and network control measures are carried out within a telephone network with the help of signaling protocols (e.g. load distribution, rerouting in the event of connection failures or overload).
Signaling information can include:
Simple control signals for informing the user are for example
- the call voltage as call signaling (ringing),
- the playing of audible tones , e.g. B. the sign "participant busy",
- the transmission of the "dialed number" ,
- the transmission of charge information by means of charge impulse or advice of charge .
The signaling or the transmission of information for convenience functions such as callback when busy is somewhat more complex .
Signaling information is even more complex, for example when setting up cell phone connections .
Signaling scenarios
There are signaling scenarios for many applications that change the sequence of signaling information for certain actions, e.g. B. describe in telephone networks .
- Example of signaling scenarios for end devices: see ISDN connection setup
- Example of signaling scenarios in telephone networks: see telephone conversation
See also
- Emergency signal , traffic sign , attention
- Sea mark , beacon
- Automatic dialing device , signal button , signaling transfer point
- Railway signal
literature
- Marcus Senninger: Possibilities and limits of the signaling of examination quality through the transparency report according to § 55 WPO. Epubli, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-8442-3895-2 .
- Jonathan Davidson, James Peters: Voice over IP Basics. Markt + Technik Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-8272-5800-6 .
- Volker Jung, Hans-Jürgen Warnecke (Hrsg.): Handbook for telecommunications. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1998, ISBN 978-3-642-97703-9 .
- E. Hölzler, H. Holzwarth: Pulse technology. Volume II Applications and Systems, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1976, ISBN 978-3-642-96294-3 .
- Peter R. Gerke: New Communication Networks. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1982, ISBN 978-3-642-93207-6 .
- Markus Hufschmid: Information and communication. 1st edition. BG Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 978-3-8351-0122-7 .
- Lothar Fendrich, Wolfgang Fengler (Hrsg.): Railway infrastructure manual. Volume 10, Springer Science & Business Media, New York 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-29581-5 .
- Harald Müller: Flexible signaling architecture for multimedia services with heterogeneous end devices. Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-89675-152-2 .
Web links
- Firoz Kaderali digital communication technology. (PDF) accessed on August 18, 2017