Simon of Kyme

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Simon of Kyme (* before 1176; † 1220 ) was an English nobleman.

Origin and heritage

Simon of Kyme came from the Kyme family , a powerful noble family from Lincolnshire . He was the eldest son of Philip of Kyme († between 1192 and 1194) and his wife Hawise of Kyme . His father had married him to Rohese (also Rohaise ), one of the daughters and heiresses of Robert fitz Robert , before 1176 , whereby Simon acquired considerable estates as a fief of the Percy family in Yorkshire . As lord of the little barony of Sotby in Lincolnshire, his father was a small crown vassal , but as a vassal of other barons he had owned over 28 Knight's fee , especially in Lincolnshire. Still, he had left Simon considerable debt when he died in the early 1190s.

From henchman to rebel against the king

Like his father, Simon of Kyme also initially assumed offices in the service of the English kings. As early as 1190 he had become administrator of the royal forest of Galtres in Yorkshire, and in 1191 he was appointed royal judge in Yorkshire. Between 1194 and 1197 he served as Lincolnshire Sheriff . In the next few years he took on several other offices until in 1207 he had obviously lost the favor of King John Ohneland and no longer held any offices. In addition, he was still considerably in debt. He owed £ 1,250 to Jewish moneylenders around 1,211, of which he was to repay £ 1,000 over the next three years. In 1212, Simon of Kyme was still part of the king's entourage, and along with other barons, he urged the king at Lincoln in 1213 to implement reforms for his government. Apparently the king put him under pressure because of his debts, so that Simon of Kyme joined the aristocratic opposition against the king in 1215 at the latest. In this he was certainly encouraged by his liege lord William de Percy († 1245) and by his cousins Gilbert of Benniworth and John of Orby , who, like his neighbor Thomas of Moulton († 1240), were among the rebels. Even after the king's recognition of the Magna Carta , Simon of Kyme continued to support the rebellious barons, which is why he, as an opponent of the king, was supported by Pope Innocent III. was excommunicated . In the First War of the Barons, he and his eldest son Philip of Kyme fought openly against the king from autumn 1215. The king then ordered the sheriff of Yorkshire, Geoffrey de Neville , to occupy the lands of Simon of Kyme. During the war, Philip of Kyme was captured in 1215. The high ransom demanded could not be raised by Simon of Kyme, and he was himself captured in royal captivity at the Battle of Lincoln in 1217. By 1218 at the latest, he submitted to the Regency Council, which was responsible for the new, minor King Heinrich III. led the government. In 1218 he was part of the royal army that besieged the rebellious Robert de Gaugy at Newark Castle . For his release, however, Simon of Kyme had to cede the goods that he had held as a vassal of the Earl of Chester to Earl Ranulf of Chester .

heritage

Upon his death, Simon of Kyme left substantial debts to his son and heir, Philip of Kyme. Despite these debts, Simon of Kyme had made foundations in favor of Nun Appleton Priory in Yorkshire, which had been donated by his mother-in-law, and in favor of other churches and monasteries in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. His heart was buried in the Gilbertine priory of Bullington in Lincolnshire founded by his ancestors .

literature

  • Brian Golding: Simon of Kyme: the making of a 1214 rebel . In: Nottingham Medieval Studies , 27 (1983), pp. 23-36

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Dalton: Kyme family (c.1080 - c.1380). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  2. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 46
personal data
SURNAME Simon of Kyme
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH before 1176
DATE OF DEATH 1220