Solar active house
A solar active house is a building in which at least half of the heat required for hot water preparation and building heating is provided by the sun .
history
The sun house of Socrates was already known in ancient Greece , which, through its trapezoidal opening to the south, let the sun's rays deep into the interior in winter and stored the warmth there for the night in heavy walls. In summer, however, a canopy provided cooling shade when the sun was high. This intelligent construction method is still called passive solar energy use today . However, since this benefit can only be achieved through the active design of the building by architects and builders taking into account the path of the sun , the term solar active house has become increasingly popular in recent years. It became known to a broader public in Germany through the publication of the vision of the German Solar Thermal Technology Platform (DSTTP) in 2010. Even then, the solar active house in the new building was to be heated 100% with solar heat and at the same time embody the building standard. In energetically modernized buildings, the share of solar heat in the heat supply should be over 50%.
conditions
In contrast to passive houses, there are no strict rules for solar active houses . Rather, open to technology and with optimized use of thermal solar energy, at least 50% of the total heat demand of buildings should be covered. The building itself forms the balance sheet. Only energy that is generated in, on or on the building and also consumed can be counted. The approach differs fundamentally from so-called plus - energy houses , which often include electricity fed into the grid in summer as well, in order to then be offset against an advantageous primary energy evaluation for heating in winter. In many cases, active solar houses also have a CO 2 -neutral heating system based on wood as an energy source ( pellets , logs, wood chips ) and are therefore already 100% renewable today. You are thus i. d. Usually they are not a burden, but a relief for public electricity and gas networks. Therefore, they have also been financially supported by BAFA since 2015 as part of the innovation promotion of the federal market incentive program (MAP), provided that defined requirements are met.
Working principle
In the case of newly built solar active houses, the architect bears the greatest responsibility for the design. It is crucial that the building is already minimized by the so-called passive measures such as building orientation, zoning , window surfaces, thermal storage masses , insulation measures, etc., the heating and cooling energy requirements of the building. In addition, areas for active systems on roofs and on facades, possibly also on open spaces, are required, as well as space for heat storage so that the heat is also available during periods of lower radiation. In existing buildings, the active components are even more important. These are solar panels that provide hot water and support heating. They are mostly mounted on the roof, but sometimes also on south-facing facade surfaces. Together with a heat storage tank , usually filled with water , they form the thermal solar system . The required size of the system depends on the yield and the annual efficiency of the collectors. Collectors with high annual efficiency require less space and less storage volume. They are often awarded the SOLERGY collector label. High efficiency of the solar thermal components is also advantageous for solar active houses because they i. d. As a rule, leave space for large photovoltaic systems in order to cover your own electricity requirements for households and, increasingly, electromobility as well.
Use
Residents of solar active houses typically strive for maximum independence in their energy supply. In this way, you sustainably protect the environment and the climate as well as your financial resources. Solar active houses store the heat and, with increasingly better battery storage systems, also increasingly their self-generated electricity. In most cases, this ensures that more than 50% of the existing buildings will be supplied with electricity and heat, and significantly more is possible with new buildings. Solar active houses thus meet the criteria of the so-called Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) of the European Union or go beyond them. They combine very good thermal protection with optimal, comprehensive use of solar energy with a very high level of living comfort.
Individual evidence
- ↑ structures. Retrieved February 12, 2020 .
- ↑ The technology development potential for the use of solar heat. FVEE, accessed January 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Leaflet “Solar Active House” Part 1. Federal Office of Economics and Export Control, accessed on January 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Heat from renewables: the market incentive program (MAP) for private individuals, companies and municipalities. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, accessed on January 9, 2020 .
- ↑ BauNetz: Collector Yield Label | Building technology | Link list | Baunetz_Wissen. Retrieved February 12, 2020 .
- ↑ DIN CERTCO collector yield label. TÜV Rheinland, accessed on January 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Nearly zero-energy buildings. European Commission, July 31, 2014, accessed January 9, 2020 .