Plus energy house

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A plus-energy house is equipped with an energy supply concept which pursues a similar goal as is the case with a zero-energy house . The annual energy balance assumes a positive value here : more energy is obtained on the property of the building than is drawn from outside via the balance limit (for example in the form of electricity , gas , heating oil or wood fuel ). The energy required for z. B. Heating and hot water is obtained in or on the property of the building itself, mostly through the use of radiant energy and the energy transformation processes of thermal solar systems and photovoltaic systems .

Since there is no generally accepted definition or standard for the plus-energy house, it remains unclear whether the electricity requirements for lighting, household electricity and the use of e.g. B. electric charging infrastructure for the mobility needs of residents to be balanced, so it is to be balanced. The primary energy requirement , which is required for the production, transport, storage, sale and disposal of the building materials for the construction of the house, the so-called gray energy, is also not considered . In Germany, buildings are assessed with the energy certificate, which must be prepared for each building within the framework of the Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV) .

The Plusenergiehaus brand is protected as a trademark in German-speaking countries.

Examples

Since the early 1990s, several hundred building projects have been implemented around the world, the objective of which was to achieve a balanced or even positive annual energy or emissions balance. Many of these projects have been recorded in the Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings research program .

Germany

The Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development ( BMVBS ) took over the patronage of the German contribution to the Solar Decathlon competition in Washington DC in 2007 against the background of the federal government's energy and climate policy goals and supported it as part of the “Future Construction” research initiative. The Plus-Energie-Haus developed by the TU Darmstadt won the competition in 2007, as did the house entered for the competition in 2009. The BMVBS has built its exhibition pavilion called “Plus-Energie-Haus des Bundes” with the technologies and architecture of the 2007 building of the TU Darmstadt. This is a portable, fully functional lightweight construction and generates more energy than it consumes. Technologies for energy-efficient construction (the latest insulation materials such as vacuum insulation , highly insulating windows and latent heat storage ) and for the efficient provision of space heating, hot water and electricity are used. The model building consists predominantly of renewable, natural and recyclable materials.

The Efficiency House Plus, next to it a sculpture that shadows the solar cells, by OHHajek , Fasanenstr. 87 , Berlin

In 2011, the BMVBS built a so-called Efficiency House Plus with electromobility in Berlin. In the context of the publication resulting from the project, the BMVBS also defined the corresponding standard. With the Berlin Efficiency House Plus, various technologies in the field of energy efficiency and home automation were tested. From March 2012, a family lived in the house for about a year. The practical knowledge gained in the field of plus-energy houses shows, “... that, despite unfavorable meteorological conditions, the yields from the facade-integrated photovoltaic systems were higher than the building technology and the users required for the building operation during the measurement period. With the excess energy, about 25% of the energy requirements of the electric vehicles could be covered. The energy consumption in the building during the measurement period was around 75% higher than previously calculated. This was mainly due to inefficiencies in the heating system due to significantly higher system temperatures than planned, to the non-demand-controlled amount of outside air in the ventilation system and to higher electricity consumption than assumed in the household area. The results of the first year of operation show that a monitoring and adjustment phase must be planned for highly efficient houses in order to be able to implement the parameters determined by planning in practical operation. ”Another focus of the project was electromobility . Vehicles should get their energy directly from the plus energy house.

Other pilot projects are the Jesteburger Sonnenhäuser south of Hamburg, where five single-family houses have been built that generate more heat and electricity than they use themselves, or a plus-energy house in Baden-Württemberg, which was built using timber.

Since March 2012 there has also been a building that has been renovated to a plus energy house. It is based on a building that was built over forty years ago. Since such houses were built 10,000 to 12,000 times in the Rhine-Main region alone, this concept offers relatively great potential. The project, which was accompanied by research, should serve as a model for further renovations or the concept should also be transferred to multi-storey buildings.

As a result, the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics created the so-called Efficiency House Plus calculator, with which planners and builders can check their property for the requirements of the Efficiency House Plus. In the meantime, renovations in private residential building are also known, which strive for the energy standard and refer to the calculation method.

Austria

Plus-energy office high-rise TU Getreidemarkt

In Austria, the “House of the Future” research program was funded by the BMVIT at an early stage. The first energy-plus building in Vienna was an attic extension in Vienna's 2nd district. The attic extension is also the first energy-plus attic extension worldwide. The largest plus-energy office building in Austria is currently (as of 2015) a building belonging to the Vienna University of Technology on Getreidemarkt 9. This building is being renovated. The Vienna University of Technology won the Solar Decathlon 2013 with the plus-energy single-family house LISI. LISI is currently available for free viewing in the blue lagoon near Vienna.

Switzerland

2015 opened Migros in Zuzwil the first plus-energy supermarket of Switzerland . In the same year, the Swiss Solar Prize 2015 was awarded to a plus energy house in Entlebuch (Lucerne), for which the Scheitlin Syfrig Architects office is responsible.

France

In 2017, the Elithis Danube residential tower is under construction in Strasbourg , which will generate more electricity than its residents can consume. The 16-story building is equipped with 1,233 square meters of solar cells.

See also

literature

  • Manfred Hegger , Caroline Fafflok, Johannes Hegger, Isabell Passig: Aktivhaus - The basic work: From Passive House to Energy Plus House , Callwey, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7667-1902-7 .
  • Heidi Huber, Thomas Metzler, Daniel Rufer: Energy-plus house: Basics for builders, architects and politicians . Factor, Zurich 2013, ISBN 978-3-905711-21-9 .
  • Bettina Rühm, Energy Plus Houses. Sustainable building for the future , Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-421-03891-3 .
  • Karsten Voss, Eike Musall: Zero Energy Buildings - International Projects for Climate Neutral Living and Working. Detail, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-920034-50-8 .
  • L. Rongen et al .: Passive, zero-energy or plus-energy houses: Energy concepts in comparison , Weka Media GmbH, Kissing 2015, ISBN 978-3-8111-4009-7

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Plusenergiehaus.de Information on plusenergy houses
  2. ↑ Net Zero Energy Buildings - worldwide. World map of internationally known zero and plus energy buildings (English).
  3. ↑ BMVBS, The German contribution again wins the Solar Decathlon 2009 in Washington DC. ( Memento of the original from March 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmvbs.de
  4. ↑ Ways to the Efficiency House Plus ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. S. 7. BMVBS. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ibp.fraunhofer.de
  5. ↑ Test family for the Efficiency House Plus drawn. In: Immobilien Zeitung online, December 21, 2011. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  6. ↑ Measurement and energetic validation of the BMVBS Efficiency House Plus in Berlin - measurement period March 2012 to February 2013. ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 1.1 MB) bmvbs.de. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmvbs.de
  7. ↑ Plus energy house made of wood , accessed on March 10, 2018.
  8. ↑ Renovation to a plus energy house. EnBauSa online, March 15, 2012, accessed on March 16, 2012.
  9. ↑ DBU research report - Ecological and economic study on the conversion of a representative residential building into a plus-energy house with electromobility - recommendations for use for comparable buildings DBU project database accessed on September 24, 2019.
  10. ↑ Efficiency House Plus calculator accessed on September 24, 2019.
  11. ↑ Old building rethought - Our energy concept for the old building accessed on September 24, 2019.
  12. ↑ Orange giant as green pioneer: Migros Zuzwil is the first plus-energy branch in Switzerland. In: tagblatt.ch . January 5, 2019, accessed January 5, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Plus energy house Entlebuch. Retrieved December 16, 2019 .
  14. ^ A high-rise as a power plant in: Neues Deutschland, October 5, 2017