Efficiency House Plus
Efficiency House Plus with electromobility is the name of a model project by the federal government that is supposed to provide more useful energy than is required for the operation of the house by a family of four and the use of two electric vehicles within a year. It serves as a research and model project as part of the “Future Construction” research initiative of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) and as an information and demonstration object for Efficiency Houses Plus. The building was developed in collaboration between the Institute for Lightweight Construction, Design and Construction (ILEK) at the University of Stuttgart and the architect Werner Sobek .
In Germany, according to the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, almost 90% of the energy consumption of a private household is used for heating and hot water. In times in which fossil fuels are declining, it is all the more important to limit this high energy requirement through advanced construction methods. For years, architects have been required to comply with the original thermal insulation ordinance and the various energy saving ordinances (EnEV) to improve the building construction in such a way that, on the one hand, the transmission heat losses in new buildings and renovations are reduced and, on the other hand, the energy balance is offset by solar heat gains.
location
The Efficiency House Plus with electromobility is located in Berlin in the Charlottenburg district at Fasanenstraße 87a on the property of the Federal Agency for Real Estate , opposite the Berlin University of the Arts, not far from the Berlin Zoologischer Garten train station .
Definition of Efficiency House Plus
Buildings are called Efficiency Houses Plus if they have both a negative annual primary energy requirement (edQP <0 kWh / m2a) and a negative annual final energy requirement (ΣQE <0 kWh / m2a). All other conditions of the Energy Saving Ordinance 2014 (EnEV 2014 with changes in 2016) such as B. the requirements for summer heat protection must also be observed. As a secondary requirement, household appliances of the highest efficiency class must be used and intelligent meters installed. In addition, in the case of an Efficiency House Plus, the lump-sum "Renewable Energy Self-Use Rate" of the renewable energies generated on the property (self-used energy / harvested energy) must be balanced.
architecture
The architectural concept of the Efficiency House Plus with electromobility follows an architecture that is as compact as possible. The design aims to allow the lowest possible heat losses through the building's outer shell and to keep the lines as short as possible. The technical equipment is located in what is known as the "energy core", a technical room on the side of the building facing the street. With the exception of the kitchen equipment, the ground floor is designed to be barrier-free. The upper floor is barrier-free. If necessary, the entire floor as well as the access to it can be made barrier-free without significant structural changes. The house has a modular structure and can be used for completely different purposes and requirements if necessary. The living rooms are spread over two levels: the living and dining area is on the ground floor, and the bedrooms are upstairs. The “energy core”, which houses all the technical functions of the house, represents the interface between property and mobility. The house's electric vehicles are parked and charged in the shop window facing the public street.
competition
In the second half of 2010, an architecture design competition was announced. The aim was "to use a real, architecturally attractive research pilot project to show the state of the art in the networking of energy-efficient, sustainable building and living in the Federal Republic of Germany (see BMVBS (2012))." The first prize winner was the working group of University of Stuttgart , Institute for Lightweight Design by Werner Sobek with the Institute for Building Energy, the Chair for Building Physics, the Institute for Ergonomics and Technology Management, Werner Sobek Stuttgart and Werner Sobek Green Technologies. Excerpt from the protocol of the jury: "This concept convincingly represents the combination between energy-efficient living and electromobility. The interaction between user, house and vehicle is intelligently planned ... as a sustainable and architecturally contemporary and adaptable concept, this is an innovative contribution." the 2nd prize went to the contribution of the Technical University of Dresden , the 3rd prize went to the Berlin University of the Arts .
Technical building concept and construction
The energy concept is based on the use of four natural energy sources: sun, air, geothermal energy and water. The photovoltaic elements on the roof and on the south facade generate electricity. An air-water heat pump extracts the heating energy required in winter from the outside air. It can be consumed immediately or after being temporarily stored in the in-house battery at a later point in time or used to charge electromobility . Any additional electricity can be fed into the public supply network. Thanks to innovative technology and intelligent energy management, the lithium-ion battery can be bidirectional, i.e. H. Be active both as an energy consumer and as an energy supplier for the public grid.
Mechanical ventilation ensures very good indoor air quality. Every inhabited room in the house can also be ventilated manually through the windows. The heat contained in the exhaust air is recovered via a heat exchanger before the exhaust air from the building is diverted into the space between the ground and the elevated floor slab. Overall, there is a recuperative heat recovery, which results in a hygienic separation of the airways. In addition, all distribution lines and air ducts are kept as short as possible and are also thermally insulated to minimize distribution losses.
The house is illuminated by energy-efficient light-emitting diodes . The lighting is dimmable and can be controlled via presence detectors.
Wall construction
The house rests on a flat foundation made of prefabricated strip and single foundations made of reinforced concrete. The wooden panel construction on the first floor spans over these foundations . The roof and the ceiling construction - as well as the load-bearing outer and inner walls - are made of wood panel construction. Along the fully glazed east and west facade, individual steel supports serve as additional supports for the ceiling and roof construction. The components of the building envelope, made of wood panel construction, are highly thermally insulated by blown cellulose insulation. The outer walls thus achieve a heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of 0.11. Additional hemp insulation ensures a high level of acoustic comfort in the interior. The generous glass facades are provided with triple insulating glass ; the space between the panes is filled with the inert gas argon. The windows achieve a heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of 0.7. The glass facade on the east side of the building also has external sun protection made of aluminum slats, which can be controlled both automatically and manually. The full-surface glazing creates a generous feeling of space with a pronounced closeness to nature and a lot of daylight gets into the individual rooms. Since the gluing of individual layers and various components is largely dispensed with during construction, the various materials can be easily dismantled and then recycled.
Funding program
The Federal Ministry of Construction has launched a funding program for model houses that meet the so-called “plus energy standard”. The program supported building owners whose built buildings produce significantly more energy than is necessary for their operation. This excess energy should be available in particular for electromobility . Only residential buildings (single, double, terraced and multi-family houses) that are built in Germany are funded. In addition to all functions of the house such as heating, hot water, lighting, household electricity, electric vehicles or other external users such as B. to use neighboring houses. They are to be tested and evaluated under real, i.e. inhabited conditions. For this purpose, the building owners are each provided with a group of experts by the Zukunft Bau research initiative. The research results will then be published on the website of the Zukunft Bau research initiative.
Since January 2015, educational buildings in the Efficiency House Plus standard have also been subsidized. The focus of the funding is on educational buildings in planning at home and abroad. They should be renovated or built as Efficiency Houses Plus and be able to show a seasonal energy surplus. For this purpose, the funding guidelines for the award of grants for model projects "Funding branch: Educational buildings in the Efficiency House Plus Standard" were published.
Electromobility in the Efficiency House Plus
The families used the following e-models:
- VW Golf Blue-e-Motion
- Smart fortwo electric drive
- Mercedes A-Class E-Cell
- Audi A1 e-tron
- BMW ActiveE
- Opel Ampera
In addition to conventional charging via a charging cable, contactless energy transmission was also installed in the shop window of the house. This enabled wireless charging of the Mercedes A-Class E-Cell. The vehicle was navigated to the correct position via the on-board computer. The charging station was dismantled after the trial period and can only be recognized today by means of the parking aid. An induction charging station was also installed for the two Victoria Valencia pedelecs . This is also located in the shop window of the building.
Research topics in the Efficiency House Plus with electromobility
The Efficiency House Plus with electromobility serves as a research and model project as part of the “Future Building” research initiative of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS). The following research topics were dealt with:
- Accompanying social science research
- Predictive energy management
- Heat and material transport in thermal insulation
- Dimensioning tool for house batteries
- Evaluation of the use of used Li-ion cells
- Stabilization of power grids with balancing energy
In accordance with the research assignment of the “Efficiency House Plus” network, the Efficiency House Plus will be scientifically accompanied by electric mobility and the results and findings of the monitoring will then be published. The Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics is responsible for the technical monitoring . The first results of the monitoring are already being communicated in a first short report from the Fraunhofer Institute. The forecast yield of the photovoltaic system on the building of 16,625 kWh could therefore not be achieved. The yield of 13,306 kWh was 20% below expectations. The reasons given are climate and location-related factors. The electricity consumption in the house was also around 75% higher than forecast at 12,400 kWh. The greatest additional consumption was determined for the heat pump, which consumed 5,865 kWh instead of the forecast 2,217 kWh in the measurement period. This additional consumption is attributed to the excessively high operating temperature of the heat pump, but user behavior and the architecture are also likely to contribute to the additional consumption.
As a result of the first measurement period, the heat pump was replaced in December 2013. In addition, a glass door was installed, which thermally separates the ground floor from the upper floor in order to reduce heat loss.
The measurement results from 2014 and 2015 by the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics show clear differences in the house's electricity consumption. While the yields of 12,644 kWh (2013/2014) and 13,490 kWh (2014/2015) were in the range of the first measurement period, the electricity consumption was reduced to 10,633 kWh (2013/2014) and 7,960 kWh (2014/2015). The house thus generated an electricity surplus of 3,543 kWh in the last measurement year.
Uses
The Efficiency House Plus with electromobility in Fasanenstrasse was available to the public as an exhibition building in the first three months after it opened from December 7, 2011 to February 29, 2012. At the beginning of March 2012, the first test family moved into the building for 15 months to research the efficiency of the house under real conditions. The family of four lived in the house until the end of May 2013 and used a total of six electric vehicles from different manufacturers for about 2 months each. The family was also able to use 4 pedelecs . The family documented their personal experiences with the house and the electric vehicles in a public blog and was accompanied and questioned by the Berlin Institute for Social Research (BIS) throughout the year. Since reopening on June 8, 2013, the building has been reopened to the public as an exhibition and event location. The exhibition provides information on the concepts and techniques of energy-efficient building and living.
Solar Center Berlin
The Berlin SolarZentrum Berlin has been located in the Efficiency House Plus since May 2019 .
Exhibition in the Efficiency House Plus with electromobility
With the inauguration of the Efficiency House Plus with electromobility on December 7, 2011, the building was open to the public as a model and demonstration object until the family moved in three months later. Since the family moved out and the house reopened on June 8, 2013, the Efficiency House Plus has been open to visitors again.
From the beginning of May 2014, a second family lived in the building for a further 12-month everyday test. To optimize the energy balance, a new door has been installed, which is intended to effectively separate the thermal areas of the building. In addition, the building's heat pump (formerly Weißhaupt, current Rotex) was replaced.
The Efficiency House Plus with electromobility has been open to interested visitors in a third exhibition period since June 2015. In addition to guided tours, lectures and a varied program of events, a holiday program for children is offered in the building. Thematic months such as "Smart Home", "Sustainable Urban Development" and "Electromobility" will be the focus until the end of September 2015.
The Efficiency House Plus with electromobility has been closed since June 2016 and is being converted for further use.
In October 2017 the building was reopened as the BMUB's “Information and Competence Center for Future-Oriented Building”. The main task is the public communication of central building and climate policy topics and contents of the research initiative “Future Building” and the model project “Efficiency House Plus”.
Network Efficiency House Plus
In addition to the Efficiency House Plus with electromobility, over 40 Efficiency Houses Plus had been built in Germany by the end of 2016. These are brought together in the network of the Zukunft Bau research initiative and managed by the Efficiency House Plus information center.
literature
- Birgit Ochs: A financial record to cry , in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung April 12, 2015 online
- Susanne Ehlerding: Life like in a cozy space station ; In: Der Tagesspiegel June 15, 2015 online
Web links
- Information on the model project
- http://www.zebau.de/projekte/informationsstelle-ektivenhaus-plus/
- http://www.ibp.fraunhofer.de/de/Kompetenzen/energiedienstleistungen-und-raumklima/demonstrationsprojekte.html
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 32.7 " N , 13 ° 19 ′ 45.6" E