Primary energy demand

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The primary energy requirement (after EnEV for short: Q P ) of a system includes, in addition to the actual energy requirement for an energy carrier, the amount of energy that is required by upstream process chains outside the system boundary for the generation, conversion and distribution of the energy carrier ( primary energy ) . To determine the energy balance , the corresponding energy requirement is multiplied by a primary energy factor ( PEF , called f P ), taking into account the energy sources involved - in German-speaking Switzerland, the final energy factor is also in use.

Primary energy demand

The primary energy requirement is the main result of the energy requirement calculation according to Directive 2002/91 / EC (EPBD, Energy Efficiency Directive), which is used to calculate the CO 2 emissions as a factor in the environmental balance .

The value is of particular importance when determining and assessing the heating energy requirement in buildings. The German Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV), for example, sets upper limits for primary energy requirements that must be adhered to when building a building.

Primary energy factors / final energy factors

Primary energy factors, as defined in EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings - method for calculating the energy requirements and degree of utilization of the systems , are used for non-renewable energies.

This factor varies from region to region:

In Germany, the 2007 Energy Saving Ordinance, with its amendments, regulates the factor for electricity, for example, and otherwise refers to the DIN V 18599-1 and DIN 4701-10 / A1 standards. In 2017, the Bundestag's scientific service published 2.8 for electricity and 1.1 for fossil heating oil.

For Austria, the PEF was adopted in ÖNORM EN 15316-4-5 and initially only plays a role in the assessment of district heating systems, but is increasingly used in the context of an assessment of energy systems. Since 2011 there have been legally binding primary energy factors in Austria via the OIB guideline 6. In the meantime, the OIB guideline 6, 2015 edition, has been made legally binding in every federal state.

Different factors are used in Switzerland, on the one hand the national weighting factors (used in particular by the Minergie Association ) and on the other hand the primary energy factors of the Swiss Association of Engineers and Architects SIA. The latter formulates the recognized rules of technology and thus also primary energy factors, on the one hand in the document SIA 2040 Energy Efficiency Path and also in SIA 380 Basics for energetic calculations of buildings .

It is different for each set of standards:

Energy source Primary energy factor EnEV Minergie weighting factor SIA efficiency path EN 15603 Annex E.
Heating oil 1.1 1.0 1.23 1.35
Natural gas, liquid gas 1.1 1.0 1.11 resp. 1.18
Hard coal , lignite 1.1 and 1.2, respectively 1.0 1.19 and 1.4, respectively
Wood (H) 0.2 0.5 0.05-0.21 0.09 and 0.1, respectively
Local and district heating from combined heat and power 0.0 (W1) or 0.7 (W2) 0.4-1.0
Local and district heating from heating plants 0.1 (W1) or 1.3 (W2) 0.4-1.0
electricity 1.8 (S) 2.0 2.64 3.14 (S)
"Environmental energy" (solar energy, ambient heat, etc.) 0.0
(H)The value represents a “non-renewable part”, which takes into account that biogenic energy sources from sustainable economies grow again at the same time .
(W1) when using renewable energy sources, taking into account the substitution of inefficiently produced electricity in the grid
(W2) when using fossil fuels
(S)Originally non-renewable part. Due to the increasing share of renewable energies, the primary energy factor for electricity in the German EnEV has been reduced from 3.0 to 2.7 and 2.6 to 2.4 (EnEV 2014 Annex 1 Section 2.1.1). Since January 1, 2016, it has been reduced to 1.8 for the non-renewable portion.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Directive 2002/91 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the overall efficiency of buildings . Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)
  2. ↑ EN 15316 chap. 3.1
  3. ↑ Scientific Bundestag service: Primary energy factors PDF, accessed March 17, 2019
  4. ↑ ÖNORM EN 15316-4-5 Heating systems in buildings - method for calculating the energy requirements and degree of utilization of the systems. Part 4-5: Heat generation systems, performance and efficiency of district heating and large-volume systems ( extract from the introduction, pdf , on-norm.at)
  5. ↑ Österreichisches Institut für Bautechnik (OIB): OIB Guideline 6 - Energy Saving and Thermal Protection , March 2015, OIB-330.6-009 / 15 ( PDF file; 2.8 MB )
  6. ↑ Entry into force of OIB guidelines 2015 , accessed on June 18, 2019.
  7. ↑ Weighting factors - EnDK (pdf). Retrieved February 2, 2017 .
  8. ^ Andreas Oberhammer: Cold from biomass . ( Memento of the original from January 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 220 kB) Lecture on the occasion of the district heating days 2009; As of May 31, 2009, p. 12 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gaswaerme.at
  9. ↑ Degree of utilization and weighting factors for heat generation Minergie.ch; accessed on February 2, 2017
  10. ^ Unofficial reading version of the EnEV 2014. (PDF) BMVI , accessed on November 29, 2018 .
  11. ↑ EnEV Annex 2 Point 2.1.1 , accessed on September 10, 2015