Zero energy house

Zero energy house in Adenbüttel, Lower Saxony, built in 1992

Zero energy house is an energy standard for buildings that is achieved when the external energy consumption of the building is balanced over a period of one year by the own energy gain implemented on the property of the building (e.g. from solar systems, etc.). Technically, the zero-energy house is often a continuation of the idea of ​​the passive house , which, in addition to passive heat recovery from the exhaust air , is typically also equipped with solar technology systems for hot water and electricity generation and thus balances external energy supplies over the course of the year. If more energy is generated than the house itself consumes, it is called a plus energy house . Buildings that have no connection for energy and also to ensure security of supply in all weather conditions and for all usage profiles, no external energy such as B. Obtaining solid fuel and thus self-sufficient is called energy self-sufficient .

The zero energy standard does not take into account the energy required to build the house. For the completed in 1992 solar house in Freiburg an energy payback, for example, as energy payback time specified by about 12 years, which means that it takes about 12 years for the energy that was used in the construction of the house, thanks to the special design of the zero-energy house was saved again. Energy that is consumed in the manufacture, transport, installation and disposal of the building materials used is also referred to as " gray energy ".

According to the Industry Committee of the European Parliament, all public buildings erected after December 31, 2018 should also be able to generate their energy requirements for one year on the property of the respective building on site.

Components

The central elements of a zero energy house are

• large windows to the south, which are unshaded even in winter when the sun is low
• a low surface-to-volume ratio
• Exterior building surfaces (facades, roof, windows, doors) with a low heat transfer coefficient (= thermal insulation value, U-value, formerly k-value)
• extensive airtightness

The different building materials and construction techniques interact very differently, but can be calculated in advance in sample structures and even tested. In addition to manufacturers, vocational schools are now also involved with extensive laboratory installations.

Examples

The world's first zero energy hotel opened in November 2009 in the 15th district of Vienna . The energy is generated by means of photovoltaic and solar systems , vertical wind turbines and heat pump heating .

The first zero energy guest house in Germany was opened in January 2016 in Wildberg (Reichshof) in the Reichshof community . The energy is generated by means of a block-type thermal power station , photovoltaic system and heat pump heating.

In Brütten , Switzerland, the energy pioneer Walter Schmid completed an apartment building in 2016, which is the first in the world to have no connections to other networks.

The zero-energy city of Mietraching is currently being built on the site of a former military base in Bad Aibling .

Since the early 1990s, several hundred building projects have been implemented around the world, the aim of which was to achieve a balanced annual energy or emissions balance. Many of these projects have been recorded in the research program “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”.

literature

• Bettina Rühm: Energy plus houses: sustainable building for the future . DVA, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-421-03891-3 .
• Manfred Schmidt: On the way to the zero-emission building: Basics, possible solutions, examples . Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-8348-1746-4 .
• Karsten Voss, Eike Musall: Zero Energy Buildings - International Projects for Climate Neutral Living and Working. Detail, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-920034-50-8 .

Web links

• Zero energy, plus energy - climate-neutral buildings in the power grid 2.0
• new possibilities of the zero energy balance September 29, 2008
• Joint research program "Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings" of Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS, Annex 52) and Solar Heating and Cooling Program (SHC, Task 40)
• A zero-energy house is presented here on YouTube , accessed on October 6, 2018.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Energy-saving houses in comparison. Retrieved March 8, 2012 . 
2. ↑ Energy self-sufficient solar house Freiburg. Retrieved March 31, 2012 . 
3. ↑ Self-sufficient living. (PDF) (No longer available online.) HTW Chur, University for Technology and Business, formerly in the original ; Retrieved July 20, 2008 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   P. 18, Section Embodied Energy. Use of local building materials  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
4. ↑ oekonews.at: EU Industry Committee: From 2019, new buildings will only have zero energy standards! , April 3, 2009.
5. ↑ Innovation center with learning and teaching pavilions in various designs for energy-efficient construction and building technology ( center for energy-efficient construction and building technology )
6. ↑ First zero-energy hotel opened in Vienna. derstandard.at, October 28, 2009, accessed on December 21, 2009 . 
7. ↑ Vienna's first zero-energy hotel opened. orf.at, November 27, 2009, accessed December 21, 2009 . 
8. ↑ Lots of energy for zero energy. (No longer available online.) Wien internation at, October 1, 2008, archived from the original on March 21, 2009 ; Retrieved December 21, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Villa Ruth, your guest house in Bergisch. vogtundvogt, May 24, 2016, accessed May 24, 2016 . 
10. ↑ Lots of energy for zero energy. (No longer available online.) Internation at, October 1, 2008, archived from the original on March 21, 2009 ; accessed on May 23, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ A house without a power connection June 15, 2016
12. ↑ Net Zero Energy Buildings - Map showing the locations of zero energy buildings.