Special foods for nutritional aid
Special food or special food for nutritional support ( Specialized nutritious foods for food assistance ) referred to food products , which by a high nutritional value , a relatively small volume and a long shelf life are presented. For these reasons, they are used by aid organizations to provide food aid in the event of famine and acute care in the context of epidemics or natural disasters . Some of the products also overlap with products used as emergency food for hikers, on expeditions or in the military sector .
Dosage forms of special foods
Special foods that are used in the context of emergencies and famine can be divided into directly edible foods, foods intended for processing, and therapeutic foods.
Directly consumable foods include ready-to-use foods, daily rations for humanitarian aid (Humanitarian daily rations, HDRs), emergency biscuits (High Energy Biscuits) and compressed food bars ("Compressed Food Bars") The foods intended for processing are usually portioned in large portions in bags and can be ready-to-cook, vitamin-enriched powdered mixed foods ("Fortified Blended Foods") or vitamin / mineral supplements ("Micronutrient Powder", "Sprinkles"). The category of therapeutic food (therapeutic foods) comprises various forms of administration (pasty ready-to-eat foods, compressed bars or powder for processing) and is used in particular for the treatment of severe forms of malnutrition or malnutrition in young children.
Single products
Under consumption of finished pasty convenience foods foods are grouped mainly which can be consumed directly as single portions of plastic bags without preparation. You will u. a. Used in the context of famine, particularly to treat moderate malnutrition in children 6 months to 5 years old. The products mostly contain vegetable fats , skimmed milk powder , dextrin , sugar , whey and vitamins which are processed into a paste and packed in laminated plastic bags.
Most of the products of ready-to-use pasty ready-made foods used in the context of nutritional aid are intended as therapeutic ready-made foods. One example is Plumpy'nut (manufacturer Nutriset) which is packaged in individual portions and made from peanut butter paste , sugar , vegetable oils , skimmed milk powder , vitamins and minerals. Similar products from the same manufacturer are Plumpy'doz (weekly ration, made with milk powder, 5340 kcal / kg, 12.7% protein, 34.5% fat, cost (2017): 0.20 USD / serving) and Plumpy'sup ( "Supplementary Plumpy", daily rations, without animal products and with cocoa flavor, 5450 kcal / kg, 13.6% protein, 35.7% fat, costs (2017) 0.33 USD / serving). Other products from other manufacturers include: B. "eeZeePaste RUTF" (peanut butter-based) and "BP-100 Paste RUTF" (wheat-based) from GC Rieber.
Emergency biscuits or "high-energy biscuits " are mostly long- life long-life baked goods that are packaged oxygen- tight and that are distributed in emergency situations as long as there are no cooking facilities. The emergency biscuits used by the United Nations World Food Program are made from wheat flour , around 15% hydrogenated vegetable fats , sugar , soy flour , invert sugar , corn syrup , milk powder and raising agents. They contain 10–15% protein, are enriched with vitamins and minerals and provide around 450 kcal energy content per 100 g. A comparable product are the hard biscuits of the German Bundeswehr , which also contain fat and have a similar energy content. Modern products are not identical to the historical hard biscuits (also "hard bread", "ship zwieback", English "hardtack") used on a large scale in the military, shipping and expeditions before the 20th century. For reasons of better shelf life, these contained neither sugar nor fat and were difficult to consume.
Compressed food bars (also compressed bars, compressed food ) are not baked goods, but products made from food mixes by pressing, with a firm, but slightly crumbling consistency. They are individually packaged as bars and can beconsumeddirectly in solid form without preparation or alternatively hot or cold with water or milk to make a porridge . The taste is slightly sweet. They should not be used in children under 6 months of age and not in the first 2 weeks after severe malnutrition. The shelf life in the vacuum-packed state is specified as at least five years, but in practice it is usually more than ten years depending on the storage conditions. Examples are BP-5, BP-WR (manufacturer of both products: GC Rieber Compact AS in Norway ) and NRG-5 (manufactured by MSI GmbH from Friedrichsdorf in Hesse ).
Compressed food bars are also available as therapeutic foods; an example is "BP-100 ™ RUTF".
Examples of therapeutic powdered mixed foods are F-100 and F-75 (also referred to as Formula 100, Formula 75). The powders must be mixed with sterile water before consumption .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Specialized nutritious foods . UN World Food Program. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
- ↑ Plumpy'Nut®: Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) . Nutriset. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
- ↑ Peanut Butter for the World , Süddeutsche Zeitung, May 19, 2010
- ↑ a b http://www.gcrieber-compact.com/product-range/malnutrition/treatment-severe/
- ^ Hardtack Is Easy to Make, Hard to Eat, Washington Post, December 12, 2004; Page PW08, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46037-2004Dec8.html
- ↑ GC Rieber Compact: How to use BP-5 ™ emergency rations. Retrieved April 20, 2017 .
- ↑ COMPACT RATION BP-WR. Retrieved April 20, 2017 .
- ↑ MSI GmbH: MSI NRG-5 Emergency Ration 500g ". Retrieved on April 22, 2017 .