Special school (Austria)

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The special school is in Austria, the school of special education in the field of primary and secondary education I .

Position of the special school in the school system

The special school is one of the types of school in the general compulsory school division .

The special school comprises eight grades , but it is also possible to include the polytechnic school or a year of vocational preparation as the ninth grade. The special school can be attended for a maximum of twelve years, i.e. up to around 18 (approval from the school authority and with the consent of the school owner).

Lessons are given by specially trained special school teachers and individual teaching methods. The aim is to provide a basic general education and to enable vocational training or attendance at secondary schools .

School types of the special school

In Austria today there are 11 types of special education, which are supposed to do justice to the deficits of individual students in the curriculum :

In the 1993/94 school year, 18,943 special school students (11,695 boys and 7248 girls) were taught in 2,524 classes. In the school year 2011/12 there were 321 special schools, with 1,797 classes and 13,198 students, which - in addition to the low birth classes - shows the tendency away from the pure special school towards integrative school forms .

Special courses in teaching for the disabled

  • Vocational orientation in the 7th and 8th grades : This mandatory exercise is intended to “help young people deal specifically with their personal development, their inclinations and interests and their job ideas, as well as gain insights into everyday working life and find opportunities for their own personal career path . “It has existed as a subject since 1998
  • Vocational preparation year : A special 9th ​​grade of the special school, with general educational and vocational subjects

Special Education Centers (SPZ)

A special education center is understood to mean the extended competencies of a special school. In addition to the curriculum, the centers look after larger areas, work on the promotion and preparation of integration in elementary and secondary schools and advise teachers in integration classes , take on the identification of special educational needs and early support , provide parenting advice and advice to caregivers. In addition, there is further training in the field of special needs education, holding of educational conferences and general cooperation with other institutions.

Special education centers are mostly located at the district level.

History of the Austrian special education system

Special education classes for mentally handicapped children, called auxiliary classes , have existed in Austria since about 1885. In 1956, the special school was introduced as a school name for auxiliary schools, and in 1959 the name was also extended to schools for students with physical disabilities (teaching for the disabled) . In 1962 there was a comprehensive new regulation.

In 1923/24 there were 65 auxiliary schools in Austria, the number gradually rose to 314 until 1980/81. Since then the number has remained roughly stable. There were 5,160 students in 1923/24, 29,172 in 1970/71, since then the number has fallen rapidly to 13,198 in 2010/11. There were 292 classes in 1923/24, 2,642 in 1980/81, 1,797 in 2010/11, which also reflects the more intensive care since the 1980s.

In 2013 a heated discussion about the abolition of special schools took place.

Building article in Wikipedia

Lower Austria

Styria

literature

  • Federal government report on the situation of disabled people in Austria. 2003, new version: Disability Report 2008 , 13.1. School education , p. 124 ff ( pdf , stadt-salzburg.at)
  • Christoph Badelt, A. Österle: On the living situation of disabled people in Austria. Research report No. 49 of the Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Vienna, 1993
  • K. Martin Jenewein: Stigma Management - Case Studies on the Biographical Identity of Former Special School Students. Diploma thesis for obtaining the master’s degree at the humanities faculty of the Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, in September 1997 ( online , bidok.uibk.ac.at, as of September 7, 2006)

Web links

  • www.cisonline.at , Community Integration Special Education, platform of the bmukk for special education
  • Special schools , schulen-online.at → Search for schools (Austrian complete directory of schools)

On disability as a whole:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c General compulsory schools: special schools (6 to 15 years of age) , Federal Ministry for Education, Art and Culture.
  2. ↑ a b c d e school attendance , Statistics Austria - tables, maps, time series (pdf)
  3. ↑ a b c d Entry on special schools in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
  4. ↑ Information for example in: We about us → Information after extended areas of responsibility of the Special Education Center (SPZ) Krems , ASO Krems
  5. ↑ BIZEPS online: When will special schools be abolished - the discussion is heated September 24, 2013
  6. ^ Report: The situation of disabled people in Austria , science.orf.at