Career orientation

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

On the one hand, career orientation refers to the individual development process, in the course of which career options are increasingly examined and pursued. On the other hand, it is understood to mean all curricular, didactic-methodical and institutional measures to support the individual development process both through information about occupational fields and professions , as well as through assistance in setting up a professional self-concept.

Basics

Career orientation can only be narrowed down with a questionnaire:

  • What role model function do the professions of legal guardians have?
  • Which local or regional economic conditions influence the choice of profession?
  • What expectations do you have of your apprenticeship?
  • Which school, physical and social age requirements must be met?

Career orientation is closely related to life planning and should be seen as a process. The social and personal connection with the young person's immediate environment must not be disregarded. So it's not just about acquiring skills, but also about developing young people's personality.

Vocational orientation begins indirectly at kindergarten age. B. Professions that are particularly important for society are presented positively (e.g. firefighter). Career orientation is always a collaboration between parents, employment agency and school. According to the assessments of the adolescents concerned, the school effect is rather low. For the young people, the experiences they have gained in company internships rank at the top of the information opportunities, alongside advice from their parents. In addition to the aids mentioned, the students are increasingly using the Internet for orientation. Attempts to create a perfect fit between the career aspirations and the conditions required by the training do not take into account the fact that career orientation is an individual process in which the consent to the profession requires an adaptation that must be made by the applicant if it is to become a successful one Training come.

Vocational orientation is anchored in the curriculum and curriculum as part of general education , apart from vocational preparation , which is a primary learning goal of the vocational school .

But opportunities for career orientation can also be found outside of school. “Career Days” of various companies offer insights into the respective company. If you have no or only very vague ideas, you can query extensive databases on the Internet, e.g. B. “BerufeNet” of the Federal Employment Agency or also use youth magazines on the subject of career orientation. A visit to a consumer fair on the subject of career orientation is ideal for getting more information or your own questions answered . Not only companies are represented there, but also contacts from universities and technical colleges.

The same applies to retraining adults.

Germany

In elementary school as well as in the 5th and 6th grade levels, career orientation can be found in the educational plans of some federal states. In Hamburg, the field of vocational orientation was even included in the primary school's curriculum in 2003.

The process of vocational orientation is required of young people in the secondary schools from grade 8 and in the secondary schools from grade 9, since in the 9th grade these school types usually complete a two to three-week student internship . The students are often prepared with the help of materials from the Federal Employment Agency , which are processed in class or on the PC. In some schools there are even more extensive career-oriented measures. As part of certain project weeks, specific company tours or career orientation weeks take place. With the help of extra-curricular learning partners, the students experience operational reality on site, which they work through in the classroom or with the help of career counseling. Careers orientation is a process in which school, careers counseling and parents work together. For the students concerned, the overriding value lies in the advice they receive from their parents and in the experience they gain in company internships. In this process, the pupils see a rather lower information value from the schools. A model: “Trainees help students with their career choice - successful career orientation through internships” - In this model, trainees inform the interns (students) in their companies about career and company opportunities.

Over 3,000 schools take part in the career orientation program of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research , in which 7th and 8th grade students first explore their individual strengths and then try out various professions themselves in training workshops. In Berlin, professional orientation is carried out in the form of the Berlin program for in-depth professional orientation for schoolchildren (BvBO 2.0) by the Senate Administration and the Federal Employment Agency.

In the grammar schools, the internship takes place in the 10th year. In the upper level of the gymnasium there are various support offers for choosing a course and career, for example the decision training BEST .

Career orientation in Austria

There are different approaches in the school sector:

Vocational orientation does not only take place in school: the Austrian Employment Service (AMS) offers courses for all age groups through the various educational institutions (e.g. BFI , WIFI , professional associations , chambers , adult education centers, etc.) in all federal states .

literature

  • Beinke, Lothar, 2014, Reform models in professional orientation The example of sponsorship, Frankfurt am Main, among others
  • ders., 2012, career orientation - one system , Frankfurt / Main, among others
  • ders., 2008, The Internet - an instrument for career orientation? , Frankfurt / Main, Peter Lang
  • Claudia Wiepcke: Gender didactics and career orientation - promoting equal opportunities on the job market. In: Journal Netzwerk Frauenforschung 26/2010, Dortmund, pp. 48–57. on-line
  • Ingo Nickel: From Kerschensteiner to the learning workshop. Hohengehren 2005, ISBN 3-89676-981-2
  • Practice folder. Career orientation at high school. Guben 2005, ISBN 3935881312
  • Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Authority for Education and Sport: Framework for areas of responsibility. Primary School Education Plan, 2003. online
  • Köck, Michael: Basic qualifications in professional orientation and counseling. A textbook and exercise book for those involved in the transition from school to work. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt Verlag 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2222-0
  • Lothar Beinke: Career orientation and peer groups and the forms of the teaching role that are specific to the choice of career. Bad Honnef 2004, ISBN 3-87066-927-6
  • Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Berufswahlpass c / o Authority for School and Vocational Training 22083 Hamburg (publisher): Berufswahlpass . Completely revised edition May 2009.
  • German Society for Economic Education (2000): Career orientation and labor market . Edited by H.-J. Schlösser, Business and Vocational Pedagogical Writings Vol. 21, Bergisch Gladbach.
  • Retzmann, Thomas / Seeber, Günther [Hrsg.]: Training market . Lessons in economics. Issue 39, 10th year 2009.
  • Franziska Rieder / Klaus Schneider: Guide to biographical reflection . Luxembourg 2011. ISBN 9782959973383
  • Anne Scheller / Clemens Muth: Find out what YOU can do: The personal career check-up for young people . Karlsruhe, 2011. ISBN 978-3-940257-12-3

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Michael Köck: Basic qualifications in professional orientation and counseling. A textbook and exercise book for those involved in the transition from school to work. 1st edition. Klinkhardt Verlag, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2222-0 , p. 236 .
  2. ↑ Famulla, Gerd-E. / Butz, Bert / Deeken, Sven / Michaelis, Ute / Möhle, Volker / Schäfer, Birgit (2008): Career orientation as a process. Promote personality, develop school, secure transition. Hohengehren.
  3. ↑ Buss, Denis / Tillmann, Anke: You will become something! Everything about choosing a course and career . Cologne 2010. p. 78f. ISBN 978-3-00-032684-4
  4. ↑ Education concerns : career orientation. BMUKK media pool, accessed on November 17, 2008 .