Sparganophilus
| Sparganophilus | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Sparganophilidae | ||||||||||||
| Michaelsen , 1900 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Sparganophilus | ||||||||||||
| Benham , 1892 |
Sparganophilus is the name of a genus of little bristles , the only genus of the monogeneric family Sparganophilidae in the order of the Crassiclitellata (earthworms in the broader sense), of which around 3 to 13 species livein the freshwater soiland are common in North America and Central America .
features
The Sparganophilidae have a cylindrical body that is able to form an abdominal groove. Dorsal pores are absent or only present in the anterior part of the body, if any. There are 4 pairs of bristles on each segment . The intestinal canal has neither gizzards nor calcified glands. The large nephridia are well developed.
The clitellum the hybrid is either saddle shaped ( Sparganophilus tamesis , Sparganophilus pearsei ) or ring ( Sparganophilus smithi ), ranging from 15, sometimes 14. Segment until 25, sometimes 28. Segment. The paired pubertal tuberosity is usually rib-shaped, but can be divided into segments. The pair of inconspicuous male genital orifices sit between the 6th (sometimes 5th) and 9th segment. Most of the 4 or fewer, but possibly up to 14 pairs of prostate-like glands have no connection with the male sexual outlets and are located in the segments from the 22nd to the 26th segment. The 1 to 4 pairs of Receptacula seminis have no blind sacs.
Distribution, habitat and way of life
The Sparganophilidae are distributed in North America and Central America in Guatemala , Mexico , California , North Carolina , Michigan and Ontario . However, Sparganophilus tamesis in particular has been brought to Great Britain and France by humans . The Sparganophilidae live in the soil of inland waterways and can tolerate mud with little oxygen, keeping their highly perfused rear end with its capillary-rich epidermis towards the surface. Like other crassiclitellates , they eat substrate , digesting the organic components of the substrate that is swallowed.
Genera
The genus Sparganophilus has three currently recognized species :
- Sparganophilus tamesis Benham, 1892
- Sparganophilus pearsei Reynolds, 1980
- Sparganophilus smithi iron, 1896
Other species described are Sparganophilus eiseni Smith, 1895 , Sparganophilus benhami Eisen, 1896 , Sparganophilus guatemalensis Eisen, 1896 , Sparganophilus carneus Eisen, 1896 and Sparganophilus langi Bouche & Qui, 1998 , which are synonyms of Sparganophilus tamesis . A pending status have Sparganophilus gatesi Reynolds, 1980 , Sparganophilus helenae Reynolds, 1980 , Sparganophilus komareki Reynolds, 1980 , Sparganophilus kristinae Reynolds, 1980 , Sparganophilus sonomae iron, 1896 , Sparganophilus tennesseensis Reynolds, 1977 and Sparganophilus wilmae Reynolds, 1980 .
literature
- William Blaxland Benham (1892): A new English genus of aquatic Oligochaeta (Sparganophilus) belonging to the family Rhinodrilidae. Quarterly Journal of the Microscopical Society, New Series 34 (CXXXIV, November), pp. 155-180, panels XIX, XX, here Sparganophilus tamesis nov. gen., nov. sp. , P. 157.
- Wilhelm Michaelsen: Oligochaeta: Vermes. R. Friedländer and Son, Berlin 1900. Sparganophilidae , p. 559.
- Reginald William Sims (1981): A classification and the distribution of earthworms, suborder Lumbricina (Haplotaxida: Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series 39 (2), pp. 103-124, here pp. 107f.
- Reginald William Sims, Brian M. Gerard: Earthworms: Keys and Notes for the Identification and Study of the Species. Doris M. Kermack, RSK Barnes (Ed.): Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), No. 31. EJ Brill, London 1985. p. 120.