Spiophanes bombyx
| Spiophanes bombyx | ||||||||||||
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Spiophanes bombyx . Note that the two long palps have broken off. |
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| Spiophanes bombyx | ||||||||||||
| ( Claparède , 1870) |
Spiophanes bombyx (original combination Spio bombyx ) is an annelid from the family of Spionidae within the class of polychaete (Polychaeta) serving as Cosmopolitan is found in oceans worldwide.
features
The cylindrical, at the front broad and flattened, pink-colored, at the back wine-red to green body of Spiophanes bombyx reaches a body length of up to 6 cm with a number of 180 segments . The triangular prostomium has horns in front and a broad, short caruncle behind. Two pairs of eyes can be present or absent, while a central antenna is always missing. The long palps can reach up to the 10th segment, but break off easily. The cirrus-shaped lobes behind the bristles of the notopodia are connected by an eyelash band from the 3rd or 4th segment. The lobes behind the bristles of the neuropodia are large and triangular on the four front segments, but smaller and broadly rounded on the following segments. The first neuropodium has 1 to 3 large, strongly bent spines. All parapodia have capillary-shaped bristles. From the 15th to the 16th neuropodium there are also two-toothed hooks with a hood and a strongly bent sting. From the 5th to the 15th segment there are more or less developed areas of the gland with thin, tapered bristles. The pygidium carries two thread-like cirrus.
distribution
Spiophanes bombyx occurs as a cosmopolitan in the Arctic Ocean , the entire Atlantic Ocean , the North Sea to the Øresund , the English Channel , the Mediterranean , the entire Pacific Ocean and the Sub-Antarctic . In the eastern part of the German Bight, it is the most common species with 28% of all multi-bristle individuals.
Habitat and way of life
Spiophanes bombyx lives on sand, more rarely on muddy or mixed sediment soils from the shore zone to a depth of around 1000 m. The annelid builds Y-shaped living tubes out of sand, which it glues together with slime. It feeds on detritus particles and microorganisms, which it can collect with its palps both from the substrate surface and from the water current. The food particles are first collected in the eyelashes of the palps before they are carried to the mouth by the eyelash action.
Development cycle
Spiophanes bombyx is separate sex. The gametes are released into the open water, where fertilization takes place. The trochophora larvae are common in the North Sea between May and July and reach a length of about 1 mm in a stage with 13 bristle-bearing segments. There is a longer phase than zooplankton , which ends with the sinking to the sea floor and the metamorphosis into a creeping worm.
literature
- Gesa Hartmann-Schröder (1996): Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta. Tierwelt Deutschlands 58, pp. 1–648, here p. 327, Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870).
Web links
- MJ de Kluijver et al .: Spiophanes bombyx Claparède, 1870. Macrobenthos of the North Sea - Polychaeta, Marine Species Identification Portal
- A. Olwen Ager: Spiophanes bombyx Claparède, 1870. In: H. Tyler-Walters, K. Hiscock (Ed.): Marine Life Information Network, Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth 2005.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus J. Götting, Ernst F. Kilian, Reinhard Schnetter: Introduction to Marine Biology 1: Marine Organisms - Marine Biogeography. Friedrich Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1982. p. 97.
- ↑ José Alejandro Rodríguez Valencia: Composition and dynamics in space and time of polychaete larvae in coastal waters of the North Sea. Doctoral thesis, Kiel 2003. S. 21f.