Spreader Clover

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Spreader Clover
Spreader Clover (Trifolium patens)

Spreader Clover ( Trifolium patens )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Clover ( trifolium )
Section : Chronosemium
Type : Spreader Clover
Scientific name
Trifolium patens
Schreb.

The splayed clover , in Switzerland the southern golden clover ( Trifolium patens ) is a plant species from the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) that occurs mainly in southern Europe .

description

The splay clover is an annual plant and reaches heights of 15 to 30 cm. The stems are thin, bent back and forth, upright to ascending. They reach lengths of 20 to 50 cm, are often branched and hairy. The leaves are alternate, have a 5 to 20 mm long petiole and are three-pinnate. The leaflets have a wedge-shaped base, are narrowly elliptical, up to 18 mm long and 6 mm wide. The upper half is finely sawn. The blade is absent-mindedly hairy. The stipules are egg-shaped, pointed, at the base are semicircular tips, they are entire or slightly toothed, 5 to 12 mm long and usually shorter than the petiole.

The flower heads are dense, consist of 12 to 25 flowers, form a hemisphere, later a sphere and are 9 to 12 mm wide. The brains are pendant to have a thin stem which is 3 cm long to 4, projecting arching and the liner sheet clearly dominates. The flowers are upright, have a very short flower stalk and hardly sink after flowering. The calyx is five-nerved, the lower calyx teeth are several times longer than the upper ones and twice as long as the calyx tube. The crown is 5 to 7 mm long, yellow in color and turns light brown after withering. The flag is spoon-shaped, has a flat back and weak lateral nerves. The wings are spreading. The ovary is stalked.

The pod is egg-shaped, the same length as or shorter than the stylus , cracks open at the bottom and contains a seed . This is elongated and yellow-brown.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14, 16, 28, 32.

ecology

The spreader clover is a therophyte . The flower is a typical butterfly flower and has a folding mechanism. Pollination is carried out by honey bees and other types of bees. Self-pollination is possible. Flowering time is June and July. Propagation occurs by the wind ( anemochory ), while the dry, permanent crown serves as a flying machine (balloon flyer).

Distribution and locations

The Spreiz-Klee is native to southern and southeastern Europe from Spain to Greece, in the east the area extends over Turkey to the Middle East (Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan) and Egypt. In Central Europe it occurs as an adventitious plant or as a neophyte in the north as far as Alsace, Baden-Württemberg and the Czech Republic. In Germany it was first detected in 1903 in the port of Mannheim. In Switzerland it occurs mainly on the southern side of the Alps. In Austria the splayed clover occurs scattered or rarely in southern Burgenland, southern central Styria and Carinthia, and inconsistent in Lower Austria and Tyrol; the species is considered to be potentially endangered in Austria.

The spreader clover grows in damp meadows and in ditches. It occurs mainly on fresh to alternately moist, nutrient-rich and mostly clayey loam soils. As an adventitious plant , it is also found on dry roadsides and at train stations. It mainly grows in the colline altitude range, but extends into the montane altitude range. In southern Europe it is a species of the Cynosurion association, but is otherwise also found in societies of the Arrhenatheretalia order.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Trifolium patens (nomenclature). In: Info Flora (The national data and information center for the Swiss flora) , accessed on May 19, 2015.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  592 .
  3. ↑ ILDIS , accessed on September 21, 2008.
  4. ↑ Trifolium patens (distribution map). In: Info Flora (The national data and information center for the Swiss flora) , accessed on May 19, 2015.
  5. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

Web links

Commons : Spreiz-Klee ( Trifolium patens )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files