St. Johann Evangelist (Cologne)
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St. Johann Evangelist in front of the unfinished Cologne Cathedral (1531) |
St. Johann Evangelist is the name of a former parish church and parish in Cologne , which stood on the south side of Cologne Cathedral in the cathedral courtyard. The church temporarily served as the house chapel of the Archbishop of Cologne.
history
Around 1000, a two-storey palatine chapel (church for the ruling family) was built on the cathedral courtyard , which was consecrated as St. Johannis in curia ; only later did the name St. Johann Evangelist appear. The art historian Jansen suspects, referring to a comparable situation in Worms , that the chapel could have been the original baptistery of Cologne Cathedral. However, since the chapel was connected to the bishop's palace and is architecturally close to the Marienkapelle of the imperial palace Goslar , which was built around 1035 , the art historian Klaus Gereon Beuckers assumes that it is a palace chapel built by Archbishop Hermann II (* around 995; † 1056) Archbishops of Cologne acted, in whose architecture the self-image as well as the closeness to the rulers of the client had found expression.
Around 1250 a new building was built in the Rhenish transitional style from Romanesque to Gothic . At the end of the 14th century, the previous cemetery of St. Mariengraden was transferred to the parish of St. Johann Evangelist.
In 1743 St. Johann Evangelist burned down. From 1744 to 1747 it was rebuilt and furnished in a baroque style.
In the course of secularization , St. Johann Evangelist, like many other churches, was abolished as a parish church. In 1828/1829, when Cologne Cathedral was uncovered, the former parish church was demolished. The most important piece of equipment from St. Johann Evangelist, the bishop's seat of the church, was given to Matthias Joseph de Noël (* 1782; † 1849), a merchant, painter, art collector and first curator of the first Cologne Museum Wallrafianum (predecessor of, among others, the Wallraf -Richartz Museum). The rest of the furnishings of the sacred building that existed at that time were almost entirely carried out by Peter Andreas Breuer (* 1757; † 1841), court judge at the archbishop's court and university professor, and his wife Maria Anna Juliana von Haupt (* 1787; † 1861; married after Breuer's death she bought Matthias Joseph de Noël), who just donated a new building for St. Remigius in Cologne-Sürth . The pieces acquired by the Breuer couple included the altars, the pulpit, the communion bench and the confessionals; they were all used for the new building built between 1828 and 1830. It is noticeable that the footprints of both churches are similar, a niche in St. Remigius precisely holds the confessional of St. Johann Evangelist and the benches and communion bench fit exactly into the central nave ; therefore it is assumed that the furnishing of St. Johann Evangelist was already included in the designs for St. Remigius. Despite some changes in St. Remigius, some of the furnishings of St. Johann Evangelist are still in the Sürth sacred building.
In May and June 1969, excavations were carried out on the area of the abandoned sacred building under Otto Doppelfeld .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lutz Jansen (1999): The archaeological finds and findings from the "first construction period" of the Gothic cathedral in Cologne (1248 to 1322) ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (P. 279). Inaugural dissertation at the Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg ( PDF file) (accessed on February 14, 2007).
- ↑ Beuckers: Die Ezzonen and their foundations, Münster 1993, p. 189 ff.
- ↑ Lutz Jansen (1999): The archaeological finds and findings from the "first construction period" of the Gothic cathedral in Cologne (1248 to 1322) ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (P. 281), inaugural dissertation at the Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg (PDF file) (accessed on February 14, 2007).
- ↑ Sürth am Rhein: St. Remigius with reference to the "Source: Stadtspuren, Cologne: Villages in the south of the Rhine on the left bank of the Rhine, ISBN 3-7616-1004-1 " (accessed on February 14, 2007).
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 27.1 ″ N , 6 ° 57 ′ 31.3 ″ E