State college for stone processing in Friedeberg
The State School for Stone Processing in Friedeberg ( Žulová ), also called Granite School Friedeberg , was a stone cutting school for granite processing from 1886 to 1945 in the Sudetenland . It was closed in 1945.
history
The state schools for stone processing in Austria-Hungary were needed because with the development of the Wilhelminian era construction tasks had to be mastered for which more and better trained stonemasons were needed. It was no longer enough to simply make steps, gravestones and cattle troughs as before.
As early as 1881, the mayor of Friedeberg, Josef Sperlich, and the building contractor Reinold submitted a proposal to the Silesian State School Committee to build a granite school in Friedeberg. This initiative was unsuccessful and when the country again negotiated in 1884 with the granite industrialists Wilhelm Förster from Gross-Krosse ( Velká Kraš ) and Albert Förster from Zuckmantel ( Zlaté Hory ), it was decided that a marble school in Saubsdorf ( Supíkovice ) and a granite school in either Gross-Krosse or Friedeberg was to be founded. Kuhn, the governor at the time - comparable to the rank of Federal German Prime Minister - pointed out in his decree of October 31, 1884 that Friedeberg would be awarded the contract if Friedeberg had a better education and better structural conditions than in Gross-Krosse Could provide. In order to bring the granite school to Friedeberg, the community concluded an agreement with Albert Förster on March 1, 1885, which included the use of his company building in Friedberg for school purposes.
On May 11, 1886, the state of Silesia approved the school operation in Friedeberg and on October 16, 1886 the school was officially opened by the first director Theodor Raab . The boarding school that went with it was in Schwarzwasser ( Černá Voda ) for the first few years . A technical school association was founded, which was chaired by Albert Förster for many years. As the school developed and the Albert Förster company expanded and wanted to use its premises themselves, premises were sought and finally the State of Silesia built a new school building, which could be moved into in 1909.
In 1925 the school was electrified. In 1926 the training of stonemason apprentices was added, from 1927 to 1929 training workshops for machines were added. The mechanical equipment in the new rooms was trend-setting for the time: stone saw , frame saw , stone grinding machine , stone lathe and compressed air system . In 1939 there was the intention to build a building for a branch for soil research of the Sudeten German Institute for State and Folk Research Reichenberg at the granite school. This could not be achieved with the start of the war. During the war, from around 1943 onwards, wounded soldiers who were no longer fit for war were trained as stonecutter technicians. In April 1945 the school served as a field hospital and with the end of the war the Friedeberger Granitschule came to an end. This school, which was called Granitschule Friedeberg for short in stonemasonry circles, was like the state school for stone processing in Saubsdorf , one of the oldest state stonemason schools in German-speaking countries.
education
For admission to the granite school, a school leaving certificate from an elementary or community school was required. In addition to school training with practical and theoretical teaching units, there was apprenticeship training to become stonemasons in the factories. These apprentices were able to take part in afternoon or evening lessons at the state technical schools from 1910 onwards. The students in the three-year full-time school were not only Czechs and Slovaks, but also came from abroad. The successful graduation as a stonemason technician at the state schools for stone processing in Austria-Hungary made it possible to register for the master stonemason examination after three years of practical experience. Passing the theoretical master's examination, which was held by the provincial commissions of the individual countries in Opava, Brno, Prague and Pressburg, took about 10 days and was the prerequisite for practicing the stonemasonry trade in accordance with a law of 1869 of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and from 1918 in CSR. In the Austrian, Czechoslovak as well as in the Reich German period, admission to the practice of trade was tied to the completion of the master craftsman's examination.
From 1938, the Third Reich incorporated the Sudetenland and the training center came under German administration.
Principals
- Theodor Raab (1886–1913)
- Ferdinand Walzel (1913-1924)
- Dipl.-Ing. Eduard Tögel (1924–1944)
See also
literature
- Ernst Hetfleisch, Franz Kriegler: Friedeberg. Grandfather. History and fate of a Sudeten Silesian town. ed. vd Heimatortsgemeinschaft Friedeberg. Setters of Saints, Augsburg 1974.
- Konrad Schmid (Ed.): Demonstrations 13. For example, vocational school Friedeberg, Saubsdorf. Two lectures on the occasion of the meeting of the graduates on June 5, 1969 in Wunsiedel. A series of studies and reports from the Wunsiedler technical school.
Web links
100 years of the State School for Stone Processing in Friedeberg (Czech)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The earning potential of the stonemasons was very good at that time, so that the vernacular said: “The stonemasons earn as much for a stone trough as this grain schnapps can hold. “Quoted from a lecture by Franz Henschel zu Friedeberg on June 5, 1969 in Wunsiedel, in: Demonstrations 13, p. 3, see Lit.