State college for stone processing in Saubsdorf

The state technical school for stone processing in Saubsdorf , also called Saubsdorf marble school ( Supíkovice ), was a stone cutting school for marble processing from 1886 to 1945 in the Sudetenland . This technical school was called Saubsdorf marble school by stonemasons. In a three-year full-time training in theory and practice, students were trained as so-called "stonemason technicians". This training no longer existed after the end of the Second World War .

history

The state school for stone processing in Saubsdorf was the first state stone masonry school, which started its training in the German-speaking area as early as 1886. Three states ( Austria-Hungary , Czechoslovakia and the Third Reich ) were responsible for the marble school. In the same year in October in Friedeberg ( Žulová ) this training center completed around 1,040 students until its closure, according to alumni counts. It was one of the most recognized stonemason schools of the time for working marble and existed for 59 years. It was not only taken by students from German-speaking countries, but also from Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia and Romania. In 1945 this stonemasonry school was closed; Today (2008) there is a primary and secondary school in it.

The state technical school was officially opened on February 15, 1886 in the presence of Adolf Latzel, member of the state parliament from Tomíkovice (cathedral village) with Saubsdorf master stonemasons, quarry owners and local councilors. This was only possible after long negotiations between the Saubsdorf community and the state school committee in Opava and the school ministry in Vienna. The Viennese Ministry of Education granted approval for the establishment of a state technical school for marble in 1885. The Ministry thus took account of the building boom in Austria-Hungary. During the early days of the German Empire and due to the reparation payments made by France after the lost war of 1870/1871, demand for natural stone , especially marble, also increased. Furthermore, both more and more qualified specialists in the stonemasonry and stone carving trade were needed to cope with the construction tasks. The craftsmanship for the production of stone stairs, gravestones and cattle troughs was no longer sufficient to produce the complicated components for the Wilhelminian style buildings. The fact that this facility was built in the immediate vicinity of natural stone deposits was due to the occurrence of Saubsdorf marble and ultimately the initiative of committed and forward-looking Saubsdorf residents.

The first lesson took place in a room of the Saubsdorf elementary school, which was built in 1871, on February 16, 1886 with 13 students. The students were trained as so-called stonemason technicians in theory and practice full-time. This training is not to be confused with today's training course for state-certified stone technicians . For the practical instruction, a nearby private house was rented, which was later called the “old technical school”. The building no longer exists today. In 1901 the state of Silesia built a new school and the temporary structure was abandoned.

In 1910 the Silesian State Technical School was nationalized and reorganized by Austria-Hungary. It was called the Kk State School for Stone Processing and remained the property of the State of Silesia. The country had to cover the material costs. The state school ministry in Vienna took over the school supervision as well as the general administrative costs and the personnel costs of the teachers. The teaching content was adapted to the changed market conditions, because besides marble, other stone families (e.g. granite , sandstone etc.) were included as training content, as these have to be processed with different technological methods. The desire to round off the training of stonemasons on machines was already vehemently represented at the time. This was realized in 1924 and the state technical school was state of the art. In 1927 the school was electrified and additional machines were purchased after a Saubsdorf delegation with the technical school director Paul Stadler visited the Czechoslovakian President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk . In 1927/28 the teaching staff could be increased by two to a total of eight teachers.

In September 1938, German Freikorps used the stonemason school as accommodation. In 1939 the Wehrmacht occupied the Sudetenland. The National Socialists wanted to merge the marble school with the granite school from Friedeberg into an art academy in Freiwaldau ( Jesenik ). The mayor Kaps and the school director Schönhofer successfully defended themselves against these efforts. On July 25, 1945 the traditional marble school ended. The building then stood empty for a long time and was renovated from 1975 to 1983 and now houses a primary and secondary school.

building

The school building in Saubsdorf had a drawing room and modeling and casting room, a sculptor's studio, a drawing floor , a forge, a stone saw and stone grinding machine workshop, a photo darkroom, a room for a stone lathe, a carpentry, a director's and Teachers' room, exhibition room and magazines and other function rooms, as well as a building for boarding school students. The building complex of the school enclosed a workshop and material storage area, which had a lattice boom crane for transporting stones .

Training courses

Stonemason technician and journeyman stonemason

The school type of a state technical school developed during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Danube Monarchy and took into account the requirements of a qualified professional education of the time. These state technical schools were training centers that accepted students without vocational training into the three-year school education. A school leaving certificate from an elementary or community school was a prerequisite for entering school. It was not a vocational training course according to the German "dual system" in which the practical skills in training companies and in inter-company workshops and the imparting of theoretical knowledge takes place in state vocational schools . The duration of school was identical to the duration of the apprenticeship, which took place in stonemasonry in addition to school training. In the school, practical instruction and theoretical instruction alternated systematically. Successful graduation from school was equivalent to a journeyman's certificate. The graduates were school-trained stonemasons who were called stonemason technicians . The stonemason technician training in Austria-Hungary is not to be confused with two-year training courses for state-certified stone technicians that exist in the Federal Republic of Germany.

In addition to full-time training, there were afternoon and evening classes for the stonemason apprentices who were trained in the factories.

Master stonemason

In the Austrian and Czechoslovak times, apprentice stonemasons and stonemason technicians were able to register for the master stonemason examination after three years of professional experience and, if they were successful, completed this with the state-certified, licensed stonemason master , who gave this form until 1938. The theoretical master's examination lasted about ten days. After the First World War, a preparatory course for the state master craftsman's examination was introduced as a separate school department after approval by the Czechoslovak Ministry of Education and Popular Culture. Only the licensed masters were allowed to carry out state, private, profane and sacred stone work.

Principals

The school principals in chronological order:

Aka.-painter Eduard Zelenka († April 3, 1943)
Prof. Rudolf Jüttner († March 2, 1920)
Aka-sculptor Paul Stadler († October 22, 1955 in Bad Wildungen)
Arch., Dipl.-Ing. Rudolf Schönhofer (* 1886 in Böhmisch-Leipa ( Česká Lípa ); † November 22, 1981 in Braunschweig)

literature

Reiner Flassig: 130 years of "Marble School Saubsdorf" , on natursteinonline.de.

Edgar Herbst, Knabe: State School for Stone Processing in Saubsdorf , in: Saubsdorf, ed. vd Working group of the municipality of Saubsdorf, Nöth, Augsburg 1980.

Edgar Herbst, Rolf Kretschmer: Learned is learned , in: Saubsdorf, ed. vd Working group of the municipality of Saubsdorf, Nöth, Augsburg 1980.

Festschrift: 100 years after the foundation of the state school for stone processing in Saubsdorf in Würzburg, June 14th , 1986 , compiled by Viktor Hanke among others, self-published in 1986.

Individual evidence

↑ It is historically noteworthy that this school was able to use the German name Deutsche Staatsfachschule für die Steinverarbeitung in Saubsdorf during the Czechoslovak reign (quoted from the Festschrift: 100 years Saubsdorfer Fachschule, p. 63, see lit. ).
↑ The gift presented by the Masaryk delegation was an onyx-gold desk set , made of onyx marble , which may have accelerated the outcome of the conversation.
↑ Festschrift: 100 Years Saubsdorfer Fachschule, p. 90, see Ref.
^ Edgar Herbst: Staatsfachschule, s. 216, see Ref.

[1] It is historically noteworthy that this school was able to use the German name Deutsche Staatsfachschule für die Steinverarbeitung in Saubsdorf during the Czechoslovak reign (quoted from the Festschrift: 100 years Saubsdorfer Fachschule, p. 63, see lit. ).

[2] The gift presented by the Masaryk delegation was an onyx-gold desk set , made of onyx marble , which may have accelerated the outcome of the conversation.

[3] Festschrift: 100 Years Saubsdorfer Fachschule, p. 90, see Ref.

[4] Edgar Herbst: Staatsfachschule, s. 216, see Ref.