City fortifications Wiener Neustadt

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Foundation survey in 1192 in Wiener Neustadt on the main square. A point of the city in front and H point of the main square in the back. Both points on the same line with the portal point of the cathedral of Wiener Neustadt and in the same line with the northwest corner of the city fortifications with the Reckturm

The Wiener Neustadt city fortifications encompass the inner city of the Wiener Neustadt municipality in Lower Austria .

history

The staking out of the city walls and the main square in connection with the cathedral of Wiener Neustadt took place on Whitsunday on May 24th, 1192. On this day, the Babenberg Duke Leopold V of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Heinrich VI. enfeoffed with Styria . On the same day, the axis of the nave of the cathedral was aligned with the actual sunrise.

In the last decade of the 12th century the construction of the city wall began, originally about 8 m, with a foundation about 10 m high, with a wall partly in opus spicatum technique. In the first quarter of the 13th century the four corner towers, ten intermediate towers and four city gates were built. The outer fortifications of the suburbs were carried out with earth walls, palisade fences and walls, each assigned to the four gates. The surrounding moat was flooded by the Fischa , the Kehrbach and with groundwater .

In the middle of the 15th century the city wall was expanded with a battlement crowned battlements and six intermediate towers with ashlar masonry and embossed corners.

The siege of Wiener Neustadt (1486–1487) was an 18-month siege by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus .

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city fortifications were strengthened by the construction of new towers: the outer tower of the Fischauer-Tor signed 1613, the outer tower of the Ungartore dated 1614 and through the construction of bastions. The heraldic stones of the former gates were visibly walled into the facade of the town hall.

From 1783 the moats were filled in and the external fortifications removed. After the city fire in 1834, the city gates were repaired. In 1837 the western wall near the casemates - in the course of today's Bahngasse - received the fifth city gate, the so-called Ferdinand's gate. In 1846 the Kapuzinerbastei or Grübelschanze was demolished. In the third quarter of the 19th century the city gates were razed, in 1851/1862 the Neunkirchner-Tor, 1861 the Fischauer-Tor, 1864 the Wiener-Tor and Ungartor, 1873 the Ferdinandstor. In 1954 the mill tower / bastion tower was demolished due to the creation of Grazer Straße. In 1979 the Deutschherrenturm was demolished in order to create space for the expansion of the General Public Hospital ; a 1 m high wall remains in the courtyard of the physics department.

In 1995/1997 archaeological investigations were carried out in the area of ​​the Neunkirchner-Tor, in 1997 excavations in the area of ​​the former Fischauer-Tor in the Herzog-Leopold-Straße. In 2016/2017, further excavations took place as part of the structural preparations for the Lower Austrian State Exhibition 2019 .

buildings

Most of the visible remains of the city wall have been preserved on all four sides.

literature

Web links

Commons : City walls of Wiener Neustadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files