Nuremberg city park
The city park in Nuremberg is an approximately 19 hectare green area. From 1855 to around 1882 it was called Maxfeld , before that the area had been known as Judenbühl since 1349 .
Origin of name
The city park is located in a place that was named Judenbühl on the maps for several centuries . The Stadtlexikon Nürnberg attributes this name to the fact that Jewish pogroms took place in Nuremberg in 1349 , whereby Jews were burned at the place named after Judenbühl. The fact that the rubble from the destroyed houses of the Jewish ghetto and the synagogue (this is where the main market square and the Frauenkirche are now located) is used as a reason for the name Judenbühl . Stadtpark is also the name of District 262 in District 26 Maxfeld, whose area is not identical to the green corridor.
history
The first beginnings of a park can be dated to around 1759. At that time, the forestry officer Johann Burkart Volkamer von Kirchensittenbach at Judenbühl had planned plantings of linden and horse chestnut trees. A map drawing "Floor plan of the so-called Judenbühl without the Lauffer Gate belonging to the Reichsboden" documents this. The 1780 resulting etching by Johann Ludwig Stahl "walking in front of the Lauffer Gate in Nuremberg called the Judenbül" shows the green area, which in their design with the regular rows of trees very close to the oldest park in Nuremberg, the Hallerwiese recalls as Friedrich Albert Annert in has shown about the same time engravings.
A memorable event took place on the Judenbühl when the 28th air voyage of the Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard with his hot air balloon began there on November 12, 1787 and is said to have attracted around 50,000 spectators. Another spectacle was a people's meeting on March 13, 1849, in which about 30,000 people attended to demand the adoption of the imperial constitution. For a long time, the Judenbühl was also used as a parade and shooting range for weapons exercises.
In 1854 the city of Nuremberg bought parts of the Judenbühl from the Bavarian state. On July 3, 1859, King Maximilian II of Bavaria and his wife took part in the Nuremberg folk festival , which had now been moved to the Judenbühl for the first time. The city's magistrate asked the king for the privilege of renaming the Judenbühl to Maxfeld . The king allowed this, and so the park and later the urban district that was created in the vicinity were given this name.
Georg Zacharias Platner , a great sponsor of the Nuremberg parks, had the Maxfeld converted into an English landscape park at his own expense from 1856. A small artificial lake was created in the heart of the green area, which became the venue of the 1st German Singing Festival from July 13th to 16th, 1861, in which around 5600 active singers took part. A marble vase erected in 1891, which is still in the city park today, commemorates this event.
The Bavarian State Exhibitions of 1882 and 1896
Picture postcard with photo in collotype by Johann Baptist Obernetter
Nuremberg was chosen as the venue for the First Bavarian State Exhibition in 1882. The Maxfeld has been developed with this event in mind since 1876. The horticultural decorated exhibition area was designed after the end of the exhibition by head gardener Adolf Kowallek according to the needs of the population; the people of Nuremberg now saw the green area as their official city park. In 1885 he received a large city park restaurant. The Second Bavarian State Exhibition of 1896 brought about further transformations and horticultural developments of the site according to plans by the city gardener Franz Elpel . Among other things, the city park pond was enlarged. After 1900 the city park was expanded several times. In 1905 the Deumentenhof, an old farm, was torn down and its area was integrated into the city park. A memorial plaque in the park reminds of this. Plans from 1930/1932 show the city park with design features that can often be traced back to the design of the exhibition park from 1896 (rose garden, main path system).
Developments after 1945
The city park and the city park restaurant were largely devastated after the Second World War. In 1958, under gardening director Kurt Ahles , a redesign was drawn up and implemented. The city park was given a new, modern appearance. Garden courtyards, a rose hill and a new city garden restaurant were created, as well as a horticultural office's work yard and a kindergarten on the edge of the park. The historical main route system was completely changed. In 1962 the Neptune Fountain , which was demolished from the main market in 1934 because of the Nazi party rally , was set up in a concrete basin west of the Stadtparkweiher after a temporary installation from 1937 to 1962 on Marienplatz (today Willy-Brandt-Platz). Small-scale redesigns and renovations have recently been carried out from 1997 in the area of the city park pond, the pergolas , the rose garden, the rose hill and the play areas.
Artistic equipment
- Fountain of Neptune
- Memorial stone to JA Heiden: A memorial stone (1824) on Bayreuther Straße in the southeast corner of the city park commemorates a high school student who was fatally injured by a classmate during weapons exercises.
- Deumentenstein: Near the Rosenhügel, a boulder with a bronze plaque has been a reminder of the Deumentenhof since 1905, which had to give way to an expansion of the start park.
- Schiller Monument: In 1909 the monument was unveiled in honor of Friedrich Schiller. The foundation stone was laid in 1905 in memory of the 100th anniversary of the poet's death.
- Faun with frog: The bronze figure of a faun teasing a frog, created in 1954 by Gudrun Kunstmann, stands in one of the garden courtyards.
- City park vases: The first of the city park vases was installed in 1891. It commemorates the 1st German Singing Festival in 1861 on the Maxfeld. The second vase, its counterpart, was set up in 1896 in memory of the First State Exhibition in 1882. Both vases were designed by Friedrich Wanderer and modeled by Johann Wolfgang Rößner .
literature
- Rita Fischer-Wildhagen: Folk festival for the king - the city park and its eventful history. In: Stadtpark Journal 63 / III / 90; ed. from the industrial and cultural association e. V., Nuremberg 1990.
- Hans Hecht: The first balloon ascent in Nuremberg with a lot of trimmings . In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg . Volume 39, Nuremberg 1944, pp. 237-248.
- Theo Friedrich: From the Hesperidengarten to the Volkspark. Garden culture and urban green maintenance from the Middle Ages to the present in Nuremberg . Edelmann Verlag, Nuremberg 1993, ISBN 3-87191-181-X .
- Anneliese Leindecker: The Nuremberg City Park through the centuries . In: Gudrun Vollmuth: Gardens and Gärtla in and around Nuremberg. A reader not just for gardeners. Verlag Walter E. Keller, Treuchtlingen 1995, ISBN 3-924828-67-9 , pp. 63-67.
- Anneliese Leindecker: The city park as the seasons change. In: Gudrun Vollmuth: Gardens and Gärtla in and around Nuremberg. A reader not just for gardeners. Verlag Walter E. Keller, Treuchtlingen 1995, ISBN 3-924828-67-9 , pp. 68-71.
- Erich Mulzer: Neptune's odyssey (history of the Neptune fountain). In: Nürnberger Altstadtberichte , Ed .: Altstadtfreunde Nürnberg eV, Issue 13 (1988)
- Rudi Viertel: From Judenbühl to Maxfeld. The city park in Nuremberg and its history. (Ed .: City of Nuremberg, Horticultural Office) 2nd edition February 2007
Web links
- FrankenWiki: Stadtpark Nürnberg (accessed June 16, 2015)
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 49 ° 27 '54 " N , 11 ° 5' 33" E