High-intensity lamp
A high-intensity lamp is a (mostly portable) gas lamp with a carburetor that burns liquid fuels such as gasoline , kerosene (theoretically also diesel and kerosene ) or alcohol .
functionality
The liquid fuel is passed through a gasifier under pressure. The pressure is created either by pumping air into the tank (mostly when operating with kerosene and petrol) or by a gradient with the tank attached at the top, as is usual with alcohol.
The fuel is evaporated inside the carburetor and then pressed through a fine nozzle. The escaping gas then sucks in the oxygen (air) required for combustion and mixes with it. Then the gas-air mixture is burned, the hot flame on the one hand heats a mantle and on the other hand it heats the carburetor so that new fuel can evaporate.
To start this process, the high-intensity lamp must first be preheated with the help of a preheating device (for example in the form of a spirit bowl or a special preheating burner that is supplied from the tank).
Luminous efficiency and heating effect
The high-intensity lamp has a specific light output that is 10 to 20 times higher than a candle , but only 1/3 the light output of an electric incandescent lamp (neglecting the energy losses during power generation). The fuel-consumption is 0.05 to 0.15 l / h and the luminous efficiency at about 5 lm / W . Depending on the design, a high-intensity lamp is roughly as bright as a 100 to 400 W incandescent lamp. The light intensity of high-intensity lamps is often given in the unit Hefner candle (HK) or Candle Powers (CP). These units are roughly equivalent and roughly equal to one candela .
The heating effect of these lamps is also not inconsiderable: a lamp with 500 HK burns for eight hours with one liter of kerosene , for example , consuming a volume of V = 0.125 l per hour ( t = 1 h) . The energy density of petroleum with w = 9.5 kWh / l results in a heating output
of a good one kilowatt .
Manufacturing companies
- Petromax , Standard, Hipolito were brand names or licensed buildings from Ehrich & Graetz
- Coleman mainly builds gasoline lamps in the USA
- AIDA, HASAG , Mewa, GENIOL and Continental-Licht- und Apparatebaugesellschaft Frankfurt a / M. (COLAG) are other German company / brand names
- Phoebus and Ditmar come from Austria
- Tilley, Bialaddin, Vapalux and Veritas are British lamps for petroleum
- Primus, Radius, Optimus are Scandinavian manufacturers
- Anchor (China)
See also
Web links
- “On the magic of rushing light” by Dirk Frieborg
- About Erik Leger's Continental light and apparatus construction company
- Petroleum lamps and other devices from Torsten Scherning
- The Petromax page from T. Baumgartner
- Bavarian strong light lamps & Kocher page by Christian Maier & Michaela Muschak
- Collection of various strong light lamps by Christian Leopoldt
- Petrol lamp collection