Steinmar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Steinmar was a minstrel in the southwest Upper German-speaking area in the second half of the 13th century .

The Steinmar miniature of the Codex Manesse, fol. 308v, around 1305-1340.

identity

Who only under the name [Herr] Steinmar , d. H. Minstrels from the 2nd half of the 13th century who have been handed down without a first or surname are considered to be the author of 14 songs that found their way into the Great Heidelberger Liederhandschrift ( Codex Manesse , 308v-310v).

His biographical identity has not yet been clarified beyond doubt, but more recently the Aargau knight Berthold Steinmar von Klingnau, documented between 1253 and 1293, has been favored again.

Attempts were made early on to equate the Steinmar of the Codex Manesse with a Swabian knight Steinmar von Sießen-Stralegg (urk. 1251–1294) (most recently: Krywalski 1966), but on closer inspection this turns out to be questionable: The Sießen-Stralegger Steinmar cannot be the minnesinger for the simple reason that Steinmar is demonstrably the first name in the traditional Swabian documents and not, as in the Codex Manesse and the Klingnauer documents, the gender name (cf. among others: Württembergisches Urkundenbuch, WUB, document from 1251 ).

For Berthold Steinmar von Klingnau's biographical references to Strasbourg and the literary and personal environment around Walther von Klingen (see below), however, significant for a justified favoritism of the Aargau knight :

In the Strasbourg Cathedral , in the wall arch of the north aisle of the nave, which was built around 1275, there is a 17 cm high relief figure signed with Stei [n] mar , which clearly alludes to Steinmar as the author of the so-called autumn song , who might even want to portray him: a man in a short skirt and belt pouch who surrenders to drinking is holding a jug in his left hand and a huge wooden wine goblet to his mouth with his right hand (cf. Schultz 1922). The performing stonemason must already have known this autumn song . His Steinmar relief in the Strasbourg Cathedral is a knowledgeable allusion and evidence that the history of the reception of the minne poet Steinmar was primarily associated and passed on with this "feasting and drinking song".

Biographical references can only be proven for the Aargau knight Berthold Steinmar von Klingnau , which make one or more stays in Strasbourg between 1275 and 1278 likely, which could explain the creation of the relief sculpture there. Together with his brother Conrad , Berthold Steinmar is attested in numerous documents of the time from Klingnau, Sankt Blasien , Rheinfelden , Basel , Beuggen , Säckingen and in Waldshut , where he was ministerial of the Minnedichters and noble Walther von Klingen (document 1240 - 1284; † 1286) appeared. Like the latter, who was wealthy in Strasbourg and owned a house on Münsterplatz, Berthold Steinmar was in close contact with King Rudolf I of Habsburg (1273–1291), with whom he appeared as a documented witness and in whose allegiance he was at the in 1278 Battle of the Marchfeld near Vienna against Ottokar von Böhmen . Steinmar's alleged path led from his residence in Klingnau first down the Rhine via Strasbourg to Mainz , where Rudolf's troops gathered in 1276. Historical allusions in Steinmar's songs refer to this campaign, among other things. As can be seen from a document issued by Berthold Steinmar himself in Sankt Blasien in 1290, after Walther von Klingen's death in the last years of his life he was ministerial to the noble gentleman Heinrich II von Krenkingen (cf. document book of the Sankt Blasien monastery: vir H [einricus ] dominus meus nobilis de Krenchingen ).

plant

The history of literature sees, pars pro toto , in Steinmar's autumn song the invention of a "new sensuality" of the "lower" love poetry of the 13th century and this as an alternative to the courtly art of song of the High Middle Ages: in the turning away from the ideal of the courtly conception of love, the Moderate and chivalrous discipline in the necessarily unfulfilled “high love” for a suitably married noble frowe , Steinmar's lyrical I finds tolerable and blissful consolation in sensual and earthly pleasures, autumnal table joys and excessive gluttony.

The first song it opens is the Steinmarsche Corpus in the Codex Manesse, which was written around 1300; the miniature painter of the Grundstock, like decades before that, the unknown stonemason from Strasbourg, in his Steinmar "portrait" on the motif of the autumn song (see illustration) and stages the poet in a characteristic pose, both sensual carousing and, in personal union, as host in a green belted robe with gold trim on the sleeves and neck.

Text output

  • Friedrich Pfaff (Ed.): The great Heidelberg song manuscript (Codex Manesse). In: true text print ed. v. F. Pfaff. Title edition of the second, improved and supplemented edition edited by v. Hellmut Salowsky with a list of the beginning of the stanzas and 7 tablets. Heidelberg 1995, Sp. 994-1005.

literature

  • Richard Moritz Meyer:  Steinmar von Klingnau, Berthold . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 746-748.
  • Josef Bader: The former Sanktblasische Amt Klingenau. In: ZGO . Edition Mone. First volume. Karlsruhe 1850, p. 452 ff.
  • Karl Bartsch (ed.): The Swiss minnesingers. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld 1964, p. CVI ff.
  • Moriz Gmelin: Document book of the Teutonic Order Commende Beuggen. Continuation. 1266-1299. In: ZGO. 28, 1876, pp. 376-439.
  • Johann Huber: The regests of the former Sanktblasier Propsteien Klingnau and Wislikofen in Aargau. A contribution to the church and state history of the old county of Baden. Räber, Lucerne 1878.
  • D. Krywalski: Investigations into the life and literary historical position of the minstrel Steinmar. Munich 1966.
  • Gesine Lübben: "I'm singing we will all be full". The Steinmar oeuvre in the Manessian song manuscript. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-476-45051-1 .
  • Elmar Mittler, Wilfried Werner (Ed.): Codex Manesse. The Great Heidelberg Song Manuscript. Texts. Photos. Stuff. Catalog for the 1988 exhibition. Heidelberg University Library. Braus, Heidelberg 1988, ISBN 3-925835-20-2 .
  • Otto Mittler: History of the City of Klingnau 1239–1939. Sauerländer, Aarau 1947, pp. 38–46.
  • Ursula Peters: Literature in the City. Studies on the social conditions and forms of cultural organization of urban literature in the 13th and 14th centuries. Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 1983, ISBN 3-484-35007-5 , pp. 105-114: The literary circle around Walther von Klingen.
  • Max Schiendorfer: Walther von Klingen: Chairman of a Basel singing group? A regional historical case study. In: Journal for German Philology. 122, 2003, pp. 203-229; on 'Steinmar' see here: p. 223 f.
  • Franz Schultz: Steinmar in Strasbourg Cathedral. A contribution to the history of naturalism in the 13th century. With a collotype board. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin / Leipzig 1922.
  • Document book of the Sankt Blasien monastery in the Black Forest. From the beginning until 1299. Edited by Johann Wilhelm Braun. 2 volumes. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2003.
  • Burghart Wachinger (Hrsg.): German poetry of the late Middle Ages. Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2006, pp. 322–341 (Steinmar's lyrics), pp. 797–806 (commentary).
  • Burghart Wachinger (ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon. 2nd, completely revised edition. Volume 9, Berlin / New York 1995, [Steinmar]: Sp. 281–284 (books.google.com)
  • Ingo F. Walther (Ed.): Codex Manesse. The miniatures of the Great Heidelberg Song Manuscript. Edited and explained by v. Ingo F. Walther with the assistance of Gisela Siebert. Frankfurt am Main, Insel 1988.
  • Württemberg document book. WUB. Edited by Royal House and State Archives in Stuttgart. Stuttgart 1849-1913. (www.wubonline.de)
  • Knight Steinmar . In: Bavarian State Association for Family Studies e. V. , Volume 3, Volume 9 (1931), No. 1/2. P. 1 f.

Web links

Commons : Codex Manesse  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Steinmar  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Max Schiendorfer: Walther von Klingen: Chairman of a Basel singing group? A regional historical case study. In: Journal for German Philology. 122, 2003, pp. 203-229; on 'Steinmar' see here: p. 223 f.
  2. ↑ D. Krywalski: Investigations into the life and literary-historical position of the minstrel Steinmar. Munich 1966.
  3. ↑ Württemberg document book. Volume IV, No. 1175, pp. 243/44.
  4. ↑ Document book of the monastery Sankt Blasien in the Black Forest. From the beginning until 1299. Edited by Johann Wilhelm Braun, 2 volumes. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2003., No. 651, p. 862.
personal data
SURNAME Steinmar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Steimar; Berthold Steinmar; Berthold Steinmar von Klingnau
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Middle High German poet of Minnelieder
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH 13th century or 14th century