Bernburg rock salt mine
| Bernburg rock salt mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | VEB potash and rock salt mine Bernburg-Gröna | ||
| Mining technology | Civil engineering | ||
| Funding / year | 2,500,000 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | K + S Minerals & Agriculture GmbH | ||
| Employees | 425 | ||
| Start of operation | 1913 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Rock salt / rock salt / carnalite / rock salt / rock salt | ||
| Rock salt | |||
| Allerstein salt | |||
| Mightiness | 20 m | ||
| Raw material content | 98.5% | ||
| overall length | 7000 m | ||
| Rock salt | |||
| Degradation of | Rock salt | ||
| Flax rock salt | |||
| Mightiness | 115 m | ||
| Raw material content | 98.5% | ||
| Greatest depth | 550 m | ||
| overall length | 7000 m | ||
| Carnalite | |||
| Degradation of | Carnalite | ||
| Kalifloz Staßfurt | |||
| Mightiness | 20 m | ||
| overall length | 7000 m | ||
| Rock salt | |||
| Degradation of | Rock salt | ||
| Staßfurt rock salt | |||
| Mightiness | 300 m | ||
| overall length | 7000 m | ||
| Rock salt | |||
| Degradation of | Rock salt | ||
| Werra | |||
| Mightiness | 8 m | ||
| overall length | 7000 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 46 '28.9 " N , 11 ° 43' 52" E | ||
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| Location | Kustrenaer Weg, Bernburg | ||
| local community | Bernburg | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Salzlandkreis | ||
| country | State of Saxony-Anhalt | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The rock salt mine Bernburg is a rock salt mine in Bernburg in Saxony-Anhalt and the production site of K + S Minerals & Agriculture GmbH, a subsidiary of K + S AG.
geography
Geographical location
The mine is located in the south of the city of Bernburg between Kustrenaer Weg, Kalistraße and Grönaer Landstraße. It has its own siding. There is no heap.
geology
The Bernburg deposit was created in Zechstein about 250 million years ago. It lies between the Staßfurt and Bernburger Hauptsattel. The hanging wall of the deposit is formed by the red salt clay, above it red sandstone, shell limestone and keuper. The lying forms the main anhydrite. The salt seam is hardly tectonically stressed and is very homogeneous. The seams strike Herzyn and fall about 6 to 10 ° to the north.
history
The two mining law unions, Kaliwerke Bernburg and Gröna , founded in November 1911, began building their own shafts in 1912, spurred on by the success of potash mining in neighboring Staßfurt. The Bernburg union sank its Bernburg shaft on March 25, 1912, and the Gröna union began to sink the Gröna shaft on April 24, 1912. Potash extraction was permitted on August 1, 1913 by the potash syndicate. Rock salt has also been mined since 1939, which is available here in very good quality with a purity of around 98–99.5%. The extraction of potash ( carnallitite ) and subordinate hard salt continued until 1973; no potash was extracted from 1942 to 1954. Since 1973 only rock salt has been mined.
After 1945 the potash plant was nationalized as VEB Kaliwerk Bernburg-Gröna , later renamed as VEB Kali- und Rock Salt Mines and belonged to the Kali Kombinat . After German reunification, K + S took over the plant from the Treuhandanstalt .
Today only rock salt is mined. Non-mining waste has been stored in the excavated fields since 1992, around 140,000 tons annually. In August 1913, the Gröna mine received its participation figure and extracted alignment salts. Rock salt mining began in 1921, but ended again in 1924. In the period from 1925 to 1942, only hard salt was regularly promoted without any manufacturing process. In 1954, Carnalliti production began again and continued until the Zielitz potash plant was commissioned in 1973.
During the Second World War , selected holdings of German city archives (primarily from the Hanseatic cities of Bremen, Lübeck and Rostock) were stored in the Gröna salt mine near Bernburg, which then belonged to the Wintershall Group to protect against air raids. They were first confiscated in 1945 by the Monuments Men of the US Army and then handed over to the Red Army , whose trophy commissions brought them to the Soviet Union as looted art and distributed them to various storage locations. Large parts of this archive material were restituted in the course of the détente in Europe in the 1990s.
After the reunification of Germany, the state-owned company was privatized in 1993 - initially as a joint venture between Kali und Salz Beteiligungs AG and the Treuhandanstalt. In 2002 it was incorporated into the K + S subsidiary esco. Since then, the Bernburg plant has been one of the most efficient locations of Europe's leading salt producer.
Pit building
The pit is accessed through five shafts. The Bernburg shaft serves as the main extraction shaft and the pulling-in weather shaft, while the Gröna shaft is in the immediate vicinity. Fresh weather is also brought in via the Johanne shaft (formerly Ilberstedt) located at the border, the Neuwerk I (Coburg) and Neuwerk II (Erbprinz, Aderstedt (2)) shafts are extending weather shafts. The Bernburg shaft was sunk from 1912 to 1913, has a depth of 541.6 m and a clear diameter of 4.5 m. The upper part of the shaft is provided with segmental lining up to a depth of 195 m . The Gröna shaft was sunk from 1912 to 1913 and originally had a depth of 448 m. It was later sunk to 529 m and has a clear diameter of 4.5 m. The upper part of the shaft is provided with segment lining up to a depth of 175 m. Filling points were posted at 432 and 512 m.
The Neuwerk I shaft was sunk from November 1912 to 1914 and also has a diameter of 4.5 m and a depth of 462 m. As with the Bernburg shaft, the upper 195 m of the shaft column are lined with segments.
The Neuwerk II shaft was sunk from November 1912 to 1914 and, like the other shafts, has a diameter of 4.5 m and a depth of 441.5 m. The upper 138 m of the shaft column were expanded with segments.
The Neuwerk mine was shut down in 1924 as part of the decommissioning ordinance. In the shafts Neuwerk I and II, plugs were then installed below the tubbing column in 1924/25 and removed again in 1952/53.
Dismantling process
The Bernburg plant has only produced rock salt since the 1960s. The salt is obtained exclusively from the 115 m thick linen rock salt, whereby only a 28 m thick area is pounded. Relatively large levitation remains in relation to the hanging and lying walls. The dismantling process is the chamber construction with stroking. The chambers are about 20 m wide, up to 38 m high and 200 m long. Fortresses (pillars) about 30 m wide remain between the chambers.
contraption
First, at the level of the later roof, the head section is driven with a broad view. The excavation used to be done with a cutting machine of the Ural type, nowadays the routes are conventionally created using the drilling and shooting method. The roof is only anchored if necessary. The future chamber is then approached with the footpath and a high break to the ridge is made.
Dismantling
Then the actual rock salt mining can begin. From the ridge section, large blast holes are drilled and shot in the width of the chamber to the foot section. The debris is removed with loaders and dump trucks. This is repeated until the chamber has reached the planned length.
advancement
The rock salt obtained is transported to the tipping points with loaders with different payloads. From there it is conveyed to the Bernburg shaft with conveyor systems and then to the surface with a 20-tonne ski system.
processing
The rock salt is ground and sieved directly in the factory, temporarily stored if necessary and packaged or sold in bulk according to consumer requirements. Rock salt is currently not packaged in normal household container sizes, but vacuum salt is.
literature
- Thomas Reuter: The shafts of potash mining in Germany . In: Stadtverwaltung Sondershausen (ed.): SONDERSHÄUSER HEFTE on the history of the potash industry . No. 13 . City administration Sondershausen, Department of Culture, Sondershausen 2009, ISBN 978-3-9811062-3-7 , p. 33, 45, 57, 73, 104 .
- Hans-Heinz Emons: The potash industry . History of a German branch of industry? In: Leibniz-Sozietät (Ed.): Meeting reports of the Leibniz-Sozietät . tape 49 , no. 6 . Trafo-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-89626-369-8 ( online [PDF]).
Web links
- Mines and civil engineering companies on the LAGB website
- Rock salt works Bernburg salzschaechte - Photos from the rock salt works Bernburg
- North Harz (NH) NH Sachsen-Anhalt - Potash shafts in the Bernburg area. Historical photos by Matthias Hoffmann
- Germany's potash and rock salt pits - 6.14 Bernburg-Gröna Photos, site plan by Lars Baumgarten
- The company records of the "Kaliwerk Bernburg-Gröna" and the "VEB Kali- und Steinsalzberges Bernburg-Gröna" can be found in the Dessau department of the Saxony-Anhalt State Archives under [1] and [2]
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Torsten Adam: The white gold of Bernburg. Salt production at K + S. MZonline, June 26, 2012, accessed March 25, 2018 .
- ↑ 100 years of the Bernburg Salt Works. (No longer available online.) Esco, archived from the original on February 27, 2013 ; Retrieved December 4, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ offsite storage Grona at Lost Art
- ↑ a b c d e Götz-Peter Rosetz, Axel Hausdorf et al .: “4-day excursion salt mechanics”. ( PDF , 1.98 MiB) from March 27th - March 30th, 2001 to Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. TU Bergakademie Freiberg , December 7, 2001, accessed on August 28, 2019 (excursion report).
