Stereotype (medicine)
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| F98.4 | Stereotypical movement disorders |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Stereotypes (from the Greek στερεός, stereós for firm, hard, durable, spatial and τύπος, týpos for -like) are certain psychomotor behavioral disorders. They express themselves in repeated and constant actions without a goal or function, which do not correspond to the specific environmental situation and often have an obsessive character.
Stereotypes are counted among the extrapyramidal hyperkinesias . In the ICD-10 classification, this symptom group is called stereotypical movement disorders or stereotypical motor disorder .
Symptoms
human
Stereotypes include:
- continuous sniffing
- Licking, biting, force-gnawing
- compulsive motor movements interrupted by cataleptic conditions
- pathological frequently repeated thoughts, verbal or physical expressions ( perseveration )
- Jaktation
The physical expressions can occur in posture or movements, e.g. B. Jactatio capitis nocturna (nocturnal head wobbling or rolling), Jactatio corporis (rocking or rocking of the upper body) or pagoda wobbling (after the movements of Chinese priests in front of their idols: bending the upper body back and forth). Jaktation can lead to injuries. It is common in mentally disabled (especially autistic ) children and in mental hospitalism .
ICD-10 F98.4 does not include habits such as thumb sucking , nail biting , nose picking (all F98.8), tics (F95, characteristic of Tourette's syndrome , for example ), trichotillomania (F63.3), stuttering (F98.5) and all non-psychogenic disorders (involuntary movements, movement disorders of organic origin). Also from the obsessive-compulsive disorder (ICD F42) they are to be defined.
animal
Stereotypes can also occur in animals, especially in keeping z. B .:
- Koppen or nativity set for horses
- Weaving (horse)
- Weaving (elephant)
- Circular walking with big cats
- Feather plucking or biting in parrots
These are to be distinguished from normal stereotypical behavior .
pharmacology
Stereotypies are created, among other things, by centrally active substances such as
- Dopamine
- Acetylcholine
- Serotonin and its agonists , partly also through their antagonists
- amphetamine
- Apomorphine et al
triggered.
The appearance of stereotypes is used to analyze the effects of drugs .
Individual evidence
- ^ Pschyrembel clinical dictionary, Verlag De Gruyter, 267th edition 2017 ( ISBN 978-3-11-049497-6 ). ( Keyword stereotype, online )
