Street terror
The term street terror was and is mostly used in connection with National Socialist terror . One element of street terror was that it was practiced by uniformed groups. They demonstrated the number with which they appeared in a public space (street, assembly hall, etc.). The uniform also made it easier to tell 'friend and foe' apart in street battles or mass brawls.
In other European countries, e.g. B. in Italy and France , there were SA -like associations; These are also referred to as street terror:
- Jeunesses patriotes (roughly: Young Patriots or Patriotic Youth ) was the name of a French political organization that was founded in December 1924. The Jeunesses patriotes were very similar to the Italians in terms of their militarized, hierarchical habitus, their uniformed demeanor and their actions aimed at street terror against the socialist and communist left .
- Fasci di combattimento , from which they also adopted the “ Roman greeting ”. With their outward appearance - blue raincoat and beret ( béret ) - they established a pattern that was repeatedly adapted by right-wing extremist groups in France over the next two decades (including the Milice française ). The organization is said to have had almost 300,000 members in 1929, 90,000 in 1934 and 60,000 in 1935.
Definition of 'terrorism'
A terrorist organization ( German legal term since 1976) or a terrorist organization (according to the United Nations ) is a long-term organization of several people ( terrorists ), whose goal is through actions that are assessed as criminal under the rule of law , especially political ones Achieve goals. Terrorist organizations try to use violence to create terror ( Latin terror ) in order to achieve their goals. The membership of a terrorist organization or the formation of such an organization is in Germany punishable and many other states.
Examples
- SA deployment in Braunschweig - on October 17 and 18, 1931, in the presence of Adolf Hitler, was the largest paramilitary deployment during the Weimar Republic . Tens of thousands of SA and SS men from all over Germany took part in the National Socialist demonstration of power . Some contemporary reports name up to 104,000 participants. Street fights between SA people and communists that ran in parallel resulted in two deaths and 61 injuries.
- Open street terror of the SA against the journeyman's day of the Kolping Society on June 11, 1933 favored the Reich Concordat , the State Church Treaty concluded on July 20, 1933 between the Holy See and the German Reich .
- The SA group Berlin-Brandenburg . Hans Georg Gewehr played a key role in the street terror of the SA in Berlin in the late 1920s and early 1930s .
- Bolzano Blood Sunday on April 24, 1921 in Bolzano . It was the first high point of fascist violence in thepredominantly German-speaking South Tyrol, which fell to Italy after the First World War .
- In the morning of the day about 280 fascists from the rest of Italy arrived at the Bolzano train station and united with about 120 supporters of the movement from Bolzano. During a costume parade, the fascists attacked participants and spectators with clubs, pistols and hand grenades. About fifty South Tyroleans were injured, some seriously; a teacher died trying to protect a boy.
- The intervening military limited itself to escorting the aggressors to the train station, where they could leave unmolested. The request of the Italian Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti to arrest the perpetrators immediately and bring them to justice resulted in the arrest of two Bolzano fascists. After Benito Mussolini had threatened to force 2000 fascists in Bolzano on May 1st to liberate his comrades, the two were released again.