SA group Berlin-Brandenburg

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Sports festival of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg in Köpenick (1932)

The SA-Gruppe Berlin-Brandenburg was one of the most important branches of the Sturmabteilung (SA), the paramilitary fighting organization of the NSDAP .

The group listed under e.g. Sometimes changing names existed from 1926 to 1945, played a decisive role in the unleashing of the wild SA terror in the last years of the Weimar Republic and in strengthening the Nazi rule in 1933 and 1934. After the events of the Röhm- The affair of the summer of 1934 was noticeably reduced in importance until the collapse of the Nazi system in spring 1945 . It then mainly served as a military sport and propaganda organization .

history

precursor

Frontbann badge on the swastika behind the steel helmet the motto "We want to become free"

The SA group Berlin-Brandenburg had its roots in a series of so-called paramilitary formations , the members of the extreme nationalist right in the early 1920s in Berlin were founded.

Since the early NSDAP, which was mainly oriented towards southern Germany and concentrated there in its organization, was unable to gain a foothold in Berlin from 1920 to 1923, the party had no significant militant forces in the Reich capital in the years up to the Hitler putsch in 1923 . In 1922, the Free Corps Leader Gerhard Roßbach , who at that time was getting closer to the NSDAP with his association, began to establish an offshoot of his defense organization in Berlin. In 1924, the free corps leader Peter von Heydebreck followed this example and created a section of his military association for Berlin. However, both organizations were only able to set up a handful of companies.

When Ernst Röhm founded the Defense Association Frontbann in 1924 to replace the SA that had been smashed by the Bavarian authorities, the so-called Frontbann Nord was created as a regional offshoot for the greater Berlin area. The former captain Paul Röhrbein was entrusted with the management of the north front . In the ranks of the Frontbanns Nord there were already numerous important actors of the later Berlin SA and SS. B. Karl Ernst , Kurt Daluege , Herbert Packebusch or Willi Schmidt .

Beginnings

Walther Stennes

Soon after the re-establishment of the NSDAP and the SA in 1925, a Berlin SA troop was set up for the first time in the spring of 1926. This emerged directly from the Frontbann Nord, which at that time had reached an attack strength of 200 men who were transferred directly to the SA, which was initially led by Kurt Daluege. In the following years these were expanded to a few hundred.

Interrupted by an organization ban in the so-called prohibition year 1927, the Berlin SA grew from 1928 to the spring of 1931 under the leadership of the former Captain Walther Stennes - the SA leadership in Munich, the so-called Oberste SA leadership (OSAF), for his Task was given the rank of OSAF deputy east - to a number of 3000 men, who in four standards and a storm spell z. b. V. were structured. The main tasks of the Berlin SA during these years were to shield the organization of the NSDAP party in Berlin from political opponents under the Berlin Gauleiter Joseph Goebbels , who was appointed in 1926 . The Berlin SA emerged ever more strongly through violent clashes with the political opponents of the Nazi movement in the context of hall battles and street fights, especially with members of the Red Front Fighters Association and Reichsbanners Schwarz-Rot-Gold . Particular attention was paid to the so-called battle in the Pharus halls.

The development of the SA in Brandenburg was largely analogous: in 1925, in cities such as Fürstenwalde, Zossen, Rathenow , Brandenburg an der Havel and Eberswalde, associations made up of National Socialist-minded former military associations were organized, which eventually merged into SA units.

The Berlin-Brandenburg SA group and the collapse of the Weimar Republic (1931 to 1933)

Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf

In April 1931, parts of the Berlin SA group, led by their leader Stennes, rose up against the Munich party leadership of the NSDAP and the supreme SA leadership around Hitler and his SA chief of staff, Ernst Röhm , who was appointed in January 1931 in the course of the so-called Stennes Putsch . The background to this dispute was differences of opinion regarding the most expedient course of action in the fight against the state of Weimar or the most effective method of establishing a state that would correspond to the Nazi ideas: While Stennes and his supporters pleaded for a violent overthrow attempt on revolutionary paths, Adolf Hitler persisted and his environment on a formally legal win of state power by parliamentary channels in order to beat the Weimar system "with its own means". After brief initial successes such as the occupation of the offices of the Berlin Gauleitung and the printing press of their newspaper The Attack , the revolting Berliner SA was defeated by Special Commissioner Paul Schulz from Munich and his adjutant Edmund Heines with the help of the Berlin SS group around Kurt Daluege and from Munich loyal parts of the Berlin SA were smashed and rebuilt from scratch.

In the weeks after the Stennes revolt, Schulz led the Berlin SA group as acting leader while Heines commanded the Gausturm. The newly established Berlin SA group was then briefly led by Horst von Petersdorff , before it was taken over as the new commander from the summer of 1931 by Wolff Heinrich Graf von Helldorff . At this time the Berlin SA was converted into an independent sub-group, with Helldorf, who was given the title of Oberführer, continued to lead. During these years, the Berlin SA experienced rapid growth in the wake of the great electoral successes that the NSDAP had achieved since 1930: up to April 1932 it grew by 30 to 50% almost every month, so that in spring 1932 it had 16,000 men had achieved.

In November 1931 the independent SA subgroup Berlin was finally merged with the Brandenburg SA to form the independent SA group Berlin-Brandenburg: This was divided into three subgroups (subgroup Berlin-West, subgroup Berlin-East and subgroup Brandenburg). The association received black as the badge color for its uniform.

After a brief ban on the SA throughout Germany from April to July 1932, the newly constituted SA began in Berlin in the run-up to the Reichstag election in July 1932 to unleash a hitherto unprecedented street terror in the Reich capital, which played a decisive role in intensifying the political crisis in the German Reich in the summer 1932 and that only began to subside in the winter of 1932/1933. The street and hall battles that the Berlin SA fought against the background of the major election campaigns that followed one another at that time with its opponents from the communist Red Front Fighter League and the analogous pro-republican organizations cost the lives of several dozen people in the Reich capital .

The Berlin-Brandenburg group in the Nazi state

Karl Ernst

Following the takeover of state power by the NSDAP in spring 1933, the Berlin SA once again experienced rapid growth: in the summer of 1933 the Berlin-Brandenburg group had already reached 63,000 men, divided into four Berlin and two Brandenburg subgroups structured with twenty-nine standards or G-storm banners. Since March 1933, the group has been led by Karl Ernst, who took over this position as a special protégé of Ernst Röhm, while his predecessor Helldorff moved to Potsdam as police chief. Ernst succeeded - especially after the incorporation of the regional steel helmet associations - in expanding the Berlin-Brandenburgische SA to around 200,000 men by 1934, which was the largest expansion in the group's history.

At the instigation of the Prussian Interior Minister Hermann Göring , numerous members of the Berlin SA were appointed to so-called auxiliary police officers (Hipos) at the end of February 1933 . The SA auxiliary police - and their analogous SS auxiliary police - were used by the Nazi government in the following months as a tool to strengthen their power to support the regular police. The focus of the police effectiveness of these SA forces was accordingly in the political-police area, i. H. in the fight against actual and perceived political opponents of the National Socialists. The Hipo only carried out criminal police tasks in the true sense of the word in exceptional cases.

The entanglement of the Berlin SA with state power led to the SA using its position as a legally almost unassailable sovereign, at the latest after the Reichstag fire of February 28, to mercilessly persecute dissenters in the capital: For this purpose, the SA group or their affiliated units set up numerous improvised prisons on their own, which were usually housed in the basements of SA storm halls or headquarters or in empty warehouses. B. in Hedemannstrasse and Papestrasse, where she usually abducted her victims without an arrest warrant. Since March 1933, the group also had its own concentration camp, Oranienburg . Both in the improvised prisons and in Oranienburg, numerous prisoners of the Berlin SA group were severely mistreated and under largely inadequate conditions (withholding sufficient water and food, no medical care after severe beatings, no adequate sleeping accommodations, or even being restrained for days while standing). As a result, many of the victims of these wild prisons and camps suffered permanent health problems or died. Some of the prisoners were also deliberately murdered. The SA auxiliary police were largely wound up again in the summer of 1933, so that the excesses on this side largely disappeared in the autumn of 1933.

The Berlin SA was able to partially compensate for the loss of the auxiliary police by smuggling some of its members into the regular police force and especially into the newly established secret state police , in which they were mostly accepted as trainees. For the SA this had the advantage that the SA people in question were paid by the state and were able to use their possibilities and authority as now fully state power holders to protect the interests of the group.

Analogous to the semi-official terror in the context of the mass arrest and arrest of political opponents by the SA auxiliary police, the mass of regular Berlin SA units continued the wild street terror of the previous years even after January 1933. In some respects, the terror - now largely covered by the state - even intensified in some respects. In the summer of 1933, during the so-called Köpenick Blood Week, the district of Köpenick, which was mainly inhabited by workers, was haunted for several days by SA troops who randomly attacked several hundred residents of the district on the street or in their homes and beat them up there or further Aborted abuse in SA storm halls. At least fourteen people were killed in the course of this action.

On May 16, 1934, the group was briefly elevated to an SA upper group. However, this revaluation was withdrawn again in July 1934 following the decimation of the SA during the Röhm affair : After the group leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg SA Karl Ernst and leading men of his staff were shot, the SA upper group became Berlin-Brandenburg provisionally subordinated to the Berlin SS chief Daluege, who placed the Berlin SA under the supervision of the State Police General Walther Wecke .

Dietrich von Jagow

After the restoration of the Berlin-Brandenburg SA as a group, Dietrich von Jagow was appointed the new group leader, who was to keep this post until 1942. The SA group was significantly reduced in its personnel size so that its strength in 1935 was again below 100,000.

In the years up to the end of the Second World War , the Berlin SA group mainly took on tasks in the field of military sports training for the population as well as logistical support tasks for the NSDAP and its affiliated organizations, such as collecting financial donations or clothing for the winter relief organization or organizing Folk festivals. The Berlin-Brandenburgische SA came into the field of view of the world public again after the Reichskristallnacht of November 9, 1938. In connection with the terror carried out on that day by order of the Nazi leadership throughout the Reich (burning of synagogues, destruction of Jewish shops and Mistreatment of numerous Jewish persons) it acted as the main carrier of the relevant actions in the Reich capital as one of the centers of events of these days. The group no longer acquired its own political significance until the end of the Nazi regime.

On the occasion of the establishment of the Volkssturm, the SA group was largely absorbed in the winter of 1944/1945. Its last remnants dissolved after the conquest of Berlin by the Red Army in April / May 1945.

Organization and Outlines

The leadership of the group was carried out by a management staff that was subordinate to the Supreme SA leadership in Munich. Sub-groups, brigades and standards, which in turn included storm bans, storms and other divisions, were subordinate to the group staff.

Structure of the SA group in 1926

On December 1, 1926, the storm detachments in Berlin and Brandenburg were merged to form the SA Berlin-Brandenburg, which was divided into three standards:

  • SA Standard I (Berlin district)
  • SA Standard II (Berlin suburb)
  • SA Standard III (Province of Brandenburg)

Structure of the Berlin SA 1927

In 1927 the SA in Berlin was organized as "Gausturm Berlin-Brandenburg": This comprised five Berlin standards with nineteen troops (later called troops). The Brandenburger SA meanwhile put together three standards with seven storms

  • SA Berlin
    • SA standard I
      • included: Troops 6, 10 and 33
    • SA Standard II
      • included: Troop Storms 3, 4, 15
    • SA standard III
      • included: Troops 16, 25, 26 and 27
    • SA Standard IV
      • included: Troops 1, 2, 17 and 23
    • SA standard V
      • included: Troops 5, 20, 34, 35 and 37
  • SA Brandenburg
    • SA Standard VI
      • included: storms 29, 31 and 32
    • SA Standard VII
      • included: storms 7 and 12
    • SA Standard IX
      • included: storms 38 and 42

Structure of the SA group on November 1, 1932

On November 1, 1932, the group comprised four subgroups with fifteen standards:

  • 1) SA subgroup Berlin-East
    • SA standard 3 - districts Neukölln, Tempelhof, Treptow
    • SA standard 5 "Horst Wessel" - districts of Friedrichshain, Lichtenberg
    • SA standard 9 - Steglitz district
  • 2) SA subgroup Berlin-West
    • SA Standard 1 (Charlottenburg district)
    • SA standard 2 "Kütemeyer" (Schöneberg district)
    • SA Standard 6 (Central District)
    • SA Standard 7 (Wilmersdorf district)
    • SA Standard 8 (Kreuzberg district)
  • 3) SA sub-group Brandenburg West
    • SA Standard 64 (Angermünde, Prenzlau, Templin districts)
    • SA Standard 206 (Teltow Ost, Beeskow, Storkow districts)
    • SA Standard 207 (Eberswalde, Oberbarnim districts)
    • SA Standard 208 (Niederbarnim district)
  • 4) SA subgroup Brandenburg-West
    • SA standard 24 (Ruppin district)
    • SA Standard 35 (districts Brandenburg, Rathenow)
    • SA Standard 39 (Ostprignitz district)

Organization of the SA group in March 1933

On the occasion of Karl Ernst's appointment as leader of the group in March 1933, the Berlin-Brandenburg group was reorganized as follows in March 1933:

  • 1) Subgroup Berlin-Nord :
    • Standard 1
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 10
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 11
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 14
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 16
  • 2) Berlin-East subgroup :
    • Standard 5
    • Standard 6
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 4
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 12
  • 3) Berlin-South subgroup :
    • Standard 3
    • Standard 8
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 13
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 15
  • 4) Subgroup Berlin-West :
    • Standard 2
    • Standard 7
    • Standard 9
    • Self-employed Sturmbann 17

Structure of the SA group in 1933

In 1933 the Berlin SA was reorganized: the previous sub-groups were dissolved on September 15, 1933 and transferred to brigades. The group now comprised 8 brigades with 34 standards:

  • 1) The SA Brigade "Brandenburg-Süd" was converted into SA Brigade 25 on October 23, 1933
    • it comprised SA standards 35, 205, 206, 235 and 444
  • 2) The SA Brigade "Brandenburg-Ost" was converted into SA Brigade 26 on October 23, 1933
    • it comprised SA standards 64, 207, 208, 419, 443,
  • 3) The SA Brigade "Brandenburg-West" was converted to SA Brigade 27 on October 23, 1933
    • it comprised SA standards 24, 39, 224, 239 and 422
  • 4) The SA Brigade "Horst Wessel" (East Berlin) was converted into SA Brigade 28 "Horst Wessel" on October 23, 1933
    • it comprised SA standards 5, 15, 19 and 20
  • 5) The SA Brigade "Berlin-Nord" was converted into SA Brigade 29 on October 23, 1933
    • it comprised SA standards 4, 10, 11, 12 and 16
  • 6) The SA Brigade "Berlin-West" was converted into SA Brigade 30 on October 23, 1933
    • it comprised SA standards 1, 7, 9, 14 and 17
  • 7) The SA brigade "Berlin-Süd" was converted into SA brigade 31 on October 23, 1923
    • it comprised SA standards 3, 13 and 18
  • 8) The SA Brigade "Berlin-Mitte" was converted into SA Brigade 32 on October 23, 1933
    • it comprised SA standards 2 and 68

The leaders of the group

Group leaders, staff leaders and adjutants of the Berlin SA group at a glance

Leader of the Berlin SA
Official data Official
1926 to 1928 Kurt Daluege
1928 to April 1931 Walther Stennes as OSAF-Ost
1931 Edmund Heines
April 28, 1931 to July 31, 1931 Horst von Petersdorff as "Leader of the Gausturm Berlin"
July 31, 1931 to September 9, 1931 Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorff as "leader of the independent sub-group Berlin"
September 10, 1931 to April 13, 1932 Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorff as "Leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg Group"
April 13, 1932 to June 30, 1932 officially vacant (SA ban)
July 1, 1932 to March 14, 1933 Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorff as "Leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg Group"
March 15, 1933 to June 26, 1933 Karl Ernst "entrusted with the management of the Berlin-Brandenburg group"
June 27, 1933 to May 14, 1934 Karl Ernst as "Leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg Group"
May 15, 1934 to June 30, 1934 Karl Ernst as "Leader of the Upper Group Berlin-Brandenburg"
July 1 to July 20, 1934 Walther Wecke "temporarily entrusted with the management of the Berlin-Brandenburg group"
July 20, 1934 to September 14, 1935 Dietrich von Jagow "entrusted with the management of the Berlin-Brandenburg group"
September 15, 1935 to January 31, 1942 Dietrich von Jagow as "Leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg Group"
February 1, 1942 Günther Gräntz as "Leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg Group"
Staff leader of the Berlin SA
Official data Official
October 14, 1931 to December 14, 1931 Karl Ernst as staff leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg group
December 15, 1931 to April 13, 1932 Walter Schmidt as staff leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg group
April 13, 1932 to June 30, 1932 officially vacant (SA ban)
July 1, 1932 to February 22, 1933 Achim von Arnim as staff leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg group
February 23, 1933 to June 30, 1934 Wilhelm Sander as staff leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg group
July 1, 1934 to July 19 vacant or provisional supervised by State Police Captain Oelze
July 20, 1934 to September 14, 1935 Ludwig Uhland was entrusted with the management of the staff leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg group
September 15, 1935 to October 31, 1936 Ludwig Uhland as staff leader of the Berlin-Brandenburg group


Adjutants of the Berlin SA
Official data Official
April 1 to October 13, 1931 Karl Ernst as "Adjutant of the Gausturm Berlin-Brandenburg"
December 20, 1931 to April 13, 1932 Karl Ernst as "Adjutant of the Berlin-Brandenburg Group"
April 13, 1932 to June 30, 1932 officially vacant (SA ban)
July 1, 1932 [?] To January 31, 1933 Kurt Kruger
18 October 1932 a to 20 May 1933 Gustav Schäfer as "Adjutant of the Berlin-Brandenburg Group"
June 1, 1933 to March 30, 1934 Gerhard Sudheimer
April 1, 1934 to June 30, 1934 Walter von Mohrenschildt
?
aSchäfer's appointment was only announced in Führer's order No. 11 of January 25, 1933 "with effect from October 18, 1932", so it is conceivable that this appointment was made retrospectively, which also caused the temporary overlap of Krüger and Schäfer's adjutant activities could explain.

Other well-known members of the group staff

  • Bauls: Dr.
  • Robert Bergmann : IC officer of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg
  • Boness:
  • Heinrich Gattineau : Leader zbV in the group staff
  • Heinz Geisler
  • Oskar Glöckler :
  • Hausser: Major General a. D., leader of the SA-Resever I in Berlin
  • Arnim Class
  • Lippert: Dr.
  • August Wilhelm Prince of Prussia : son of the former German emperor,
  • Paul Rieck: SA-Oberführer, administrative leader of the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg from 1933 to 1934
  • Hans Joachim Schiffer
  • Send:
  • Gerd Voß : Legal advisor to the SA group Berlin-Brandenburg from 1933 to 1934
  • Mark von Wietersheim: Sturmbannführer
  • Alfred Zaubitzer

Sub-leader of the group

Leaders of the subgroups

  • 1) Leader of the sub-group Berlin-Nord :
    • Bald head
  • 2) Leader of the Berlin-East subgroup :
    • July 1, 1932 to July 1, 1932: Karl Ernst (in charge of the tour)
    • July 1, 1932 to March 14, 1933: Karl Ernst
    • March 15, 1933 to September 14, 1933: Richard Fiedler
    • on September 14th dissolution of the subgroup and conversion to Brigade 32 (Berlin-Mitte)
  • 3) Leader of the Berlin-South subgroup :
    • black
  • 4) Leader of the Berlin-West subgroup :
    • July 1, 1932 to October 14, 1932: Oberführer Walter Schmidt (responsible for the management)
    • October 15, 1932 to February 28, 1933: Standartenführer Ernst Pretzel (in charge of the tour)
    • March 1, 1933 to April 22, 1933: Oberführer Ernst Pretzel
    • April 22, 1933 to September 14, 1933: Ladi-Joseph Pauly
    • on September 14, 1933 dissolution of the subgroup and conversion to Brigade 30 (Berlin-West)
  • 3) Leader of the Brandenburg-East subgroup :
    • July 1, 1932 to October 14, 1932: Standartenführer (from September 15, 1932 Oberführer) Eberhard von Wechmar (responsible for leading the sub-group)
    • October 14, 1932 to November 1, 1932: Eberhard von Wechmar
    • November 1, 1932 to March 31, 1933: Erich Kaul (in charge of the tour)
    • April 1, 1933 to September 14, 1933: Erich Kaul
    • on September 14, 1933 dissolution of the subgroup and conversion to Brigade 26 (Brandenburg Ost)

Staff leaders of the subgroups

  • Staff leader of the sub-group Berlin-Nord :
    • Sturmbannführer Adolf Kantorski
  • Staff leader of the Berlin-East subgroup :
    • March 1933 to: Kunze
  • Head of the Berlin-South subgroup :
    • Staff leader Sibert

Brigade leader

  • 1) Leader of SA Brigade 25 :
    • 1934: Geiseler
  • 2) Leader of SA Brigade 26 (Brandenburg Ost) :
  • 3) Leader of SA Brigade 27 (Brandenburg West) :
  • 4) Leader of SA Brigade 28 :
  • 8) Leader of SA Brigade 32 (Berlin-Mitte) :

Leader of the Standards

  • Leader of SA Standard 2 ("Kütemeyer") :
  • Leader of SA Standard 4 :
    • April 1931 to July 1932: Alfred Knüttel
    • reorganized in August 1933 from Sturmbann 4
    • August 6, 1933 to 1934: Willi Protsch
  • Leader of the SA Standard 7 :
  • Leader of SA Standard 8 (Kreuzberg district) :
  • Leader of SA Standard 11 :
  • Leader of the SA Standard 15 :
    • emerged in August 1933 as a new standard from the independent Sturmbann 15
    • August 6, 1933 to April 20, 1935: Herbert Gehrke
  • Leader of SA Standard 16 :
    • emerged from the
    • August 6, 1933 to summer 1934: Moritz Kraut
  • Leader of SA Standard 17 :
    • On August 6, 1933, emerged from the independent Sturmbann 17
    • August 6, 1933 to July 1934: Wilhelm Fischer
  • Leader of the SA Standard 20 :

Leader of the storm wards and independent storm wards

Standard 1 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 1 :
    • 1932: Andreas Hiernholzer
  • Sturmbann II / 1 :
    • 1932: Heinrich Brunnengräber
  • Sturmbann III / 1
    • 1932: Karl Appel
  • Sturmbann IV / 1
    • 1932: Hans Schmidt


Standard 2 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 2 :
    • 1932: Fritz Dausel
  • Sturmbann II / 2 :
    • 1932: Helmut Rassow
  • Sturmbann III / 2 :


Standard 3 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 3 :
    • 1932: Walter Schilling
  • Sturmbann II / 3 :
    • 1932 Walter Huebner
  • Sturmbann III / 3 :
    • 1932: Paul Braumann


Self-employed Sturmbann 4 :


Standard 5 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 5 :
    • 1932: Friedrich Schlageter
  • Sturmbann II / 5 :
    • 1932: Franz Sauer
  • Sturmbann III / 5 :


Standard 6 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 6 :
    • 1932: Artur Ledy
  • Sturmbann II / 6 :
  • Sturmbann III / 6 :
    • 1932: Ulrich Neumann
  • Sturmbann IV / 6 :
    • 1932: Fritz Blank
  • Sturmbann V / 6 :


Standard 7 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 7 :
  • Sturmbann II / 7 :
    • 1932: Gustav Kurtze
  • Sturmbann III / 7 :
    • 1932: Arno Pardun
  • Sturmbann IV / 7 :


Standard 8 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 8 :
    • 1932: Kurt Masurat
  • Sturmbann II / 8 :
    • 1932: Karl Neumann
  • Sturmbann III / 8 :
    • 1932: Paul Menzel


Standard 9 Stormbane :

  • Sturmbann I / 9 :
    • 1932: Alwin Rabben
  • Sturmbann II / 9 :
    • 1932: Bruno Markert
  • Sturmbann : III / 9:
    • 1932: Wolfram Wächter
  • Sturmbann IV / 9 :

Self-employed Sturmbann 10 :

  • Pauls

Self-employed Sturmbann 11 :

Self-employed Sturmbann 12 :

Self-employed Sturmbann 13 :

Self-employed Sturmbann 14 :

  • Sturmbannführer Martens

Self-employed Sturmbann 15 :

Self-employed Sturmbann 16 :

dead

  • February 21, 1936: Fritz Renz: Second dead of the front ban movement and first SA man to be killed in Berlin. Killed by communists. In 1934 Sturm 23 of SA Standard 208 was named after Renz.

literature