Frankfurt-Preungesheim prison

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The Frankfurt-Preungesheim prison is a former prison in the Preungesheim district of Frankfurt . It was built in 1888 as a prison for men. During the Nazi era , it also served as a place of execution . After the Second World War it was initially a military prison. In 1955 it was rededicated as a women's prison. The historic building is now part of the Frankfurt am Main III correctional facility.

history

Memorial plaque for the victims of National Socialism

The Preungesheim prison was planned as a relief measure for the overcrowded prisons in the city district. The planning was started in 1881 under the leadership of the head of the Kassel prison , Carl Krohne . The building was designed for solitary confinement, consisting of 3 four-story cell wings for men and an administrative wing in a star-shaped arrangement, as well as a separate block for women. The plan was set at 416 men and 85 women with prison terms of over 3 months. The execution of death sentences was already planned in the time of the German Empire.

In the Third Reich, Preungesheim was initially used by the Gestapo as an alternative to the police prison. Not only Germans but also foreigners were imprisoned in Preungesheim, so. z. B. convicted by courts-martial in France. In addition to the regular prisoners and victims of the Nazis' arbitrary justice, this led to increasing overcrowding. During the war it served as one of the central execution sites (execution area VII). A total of up to 500 executions are assumed. At that time, prisoners were also used as workers for the armaments industry. In the hospital hospital were u. a. also carried out forced sterilizations.

On March 21, 1945, the prison was first evacuated and the remaining prisoners were transferred to Bamberg.

After the end of World War II until 1953, the prison was under US administration and was used as a military prison. After renovation, it was reopened as the central women's prison for Hesse. In the following years, the facility was expanded by 12 buildings under the roof of the Frankfurt am Main III prison .

Today a memorial commemorates the victims of the Nazi regime who were incarcerated in Preungesheim and who perished there. A concrete slab bears a quote from Ricarda Huch :

“You who gave life for the people's freedom and honor.
The people did not rise to save you freedom and life.
But we want to mark you in memory.
There, you glorious ones, we want to remember you and swear to be
brave like you to serve the law and freedom,
never to be faithless and cowardly to deny the God in your breast who
drives us to love and to die in the fight with evil. "

Inmates

Imprisoned

  • Adam Rössner (* 1867 in Hünfeld, † 1942 ibid), Catholic resistance fighter in 1942 for violating the treachery law
  • Albert Tauchau (* 1862 in Hamburg), imprisoned in 1939 for alleged forgery of documents. Died in custody on July 20, 1939.
  • Moritz Mayer (* 1864 in Laumersheim), counselor and lawyer. Imprisoned in 1940 for embezzlement and embezzlement.
  • Johann Hardt (* 1902), social democrat. Imprisoned in 1942.

Executed

1904

1914

  • March 23, 1914: Karl Hopf , businessman and fencing teacher (born March 26, 1863 in Frankfurt am Main) sentenced to death by the jury court of Frankfurt on January 17, 1914 for multiple murders and multiple attempts at murder and executed by guillotine

1942

  • February 5, 1942: Louwe Smilde (born August 23, 1942 in Muntendam), Dutch
  • February 28, 1942: Martin Rost (* 1919)
  • July 3, 1942: Heinrich Maas (born August 27, 1903), lathe operator, communist, employee of Frankfurter Maschinenbau AG, as head of a group of former social democrats and communists in his company who passed on foreign radio stations and their messages directed against the Nazi regime , arrested for "subversive word of mouth", sentenced to death for preparation for high treason
  • July 8, 1942: August Halicki (* 1915), Polish forced laborer, sentenced to death by the Darmstadt Special Court for escaping from a prison camp and for two crimes in connection with the risk of flying in connection with serious theft on the basis of the Polish Criminal Law Ordinance
  • July 28, 1942: Johann Bamberger (* 1919)
  • August 19, 1942: Karl Göttig (born August 13, 1914 in Klein Werden), communist, arrested after writing on a cardboard sign in the closet of the tax office in Nordshausen: “Long live the Communist Party of Germany. Hitler, the pig, go crazy, because he alone is to blame for the war. This mass murderer ", for this reason (and for listening to foreign radio stations) sentenced to death on May 20, 1942 by the Higher Regional Court in Kassel for preparation for high treason and radio crimes
  • August 28, 1942: Andreas Hoevel (born February 24, 1900 in Pallien), arrested on November 30, 1941 in Koblenz for anti-Nazi activity (dissemination of foreign radio reports), on June 26, 1942 by the Kassel Higher Regional Court for preparation for high treason and radio crimes for Sentenced to death
  • August 28, 1942: Anneliese Hoevel (born October 3, 1898 in Cologne), arrested on November 30, 1941 in Koblenz, sentenced to death on June 26, 1942 by the Kassel Higher Regional Court for preparation for high treason and broadcast crimes
  • September 17, 1942: Anton Breitinger (born June 19, 1898), varnisher, communist, arrested for anti-Nazi activity, sentenced to death by the People's Court on June 24, 1942
  • September 17, 1942: Edmund Germann, communist, arrested in summer 1941 for anti-Nazi activity, sentenced to death by the People's Court on June 24, 1942 for high treason
  • September 17, 1942: Otto Häuslein (born January 3, 1911), plumber, communist, arrested in the summer of 1941 for anti-Nazi activity, charged with preparing for high treason and degradation of military strength, and sentenced to death by the People's Court on June 26, 1942
  • September 17, 1942: Wilhelm Hugo (born July 18, 1906), post office worker, communist, arrested in the summer of 1941 for anti-Nazi activities, sentenced to death by the People's Court on June 24, 1942 for high treason
  • September 17, 1942: Wilhelm Klöppinger (born October 8, 1910 in Pfungstadt), post office worker from Wiesbaden, communist, obliged to work in a Frankfurt post office, arrested in the summer of 1941 for working in the communist underground, by the 2nd Senate of the People's Court on 25. Sentenced to death in June 1942
  • September 17, 1942: Julius Nees (born September 28, 1898 in Pfaffenwiesbach), communist, arrested in summer 1941 for anti-Nazi activity, sentenced to death by the People's Court on June 24, 1942 for high treason
Albrecht Ege, executed on January 23, 1943
Heinrich Will, executed on February 19, 1943

1943

  • January 7, 1943: Marceau Jumeau (* 1909), French
  • January 11, 1943: Mieczyklaw Nowak (* 1919), Pole
  • February 10, 1943: Josef Klobas (* 1913), Czech citizen
  • February 10, 1943: Josef Krska (born February 15, 1904 in Brno-Husovice), Czech citizen
  • February 10, 1943: Frantisek Rysanek (* 1899), Czech citizen
  • January 11, 1943: Philipp Theodor Auerbach (born March 25, 1904 in Wiesbaden), commercial clerk, communist, denounced for his political attitudes, arrested on August 20, 1942, by the Higher Regional Court of Kassel on November 24, 1942 for preparation for high treason to death sentenced and executed with the guillotine in Frankfurt-Preungesheim prison (8:10 p.m.)
  • February 10, 1943: Jan Martinek (* 1901), Czech citizen
  • January 23, 1943: Albrecht Ege (born January 31, 1878 in Frankfurt am Main), carpenter, sentenced to death
  • February 10, 1943: Josef Benes (born February 3, 1906 in Olomouc-Hejcin), Czech citizen, sentenced to death
  • February 10, 1943: Josef Psikal (* 1902), Czech citizen
  • February 10, 1943: Antonin Strand (* 1907), Czech citizen
  • February 19, 1943: Otokar Doukounil (born January 21, 1895 in Warsaw), Czech citizen
  • February 19, 1943: Josef Pomp (born October 25, 1898 in Opava), Czech citizen
  • February 19, 1943: Milan Matuska (born October 6, 1898 in Blanz), Czech citizen
  • February 19, 1943: Heinrich Will (born August 27, 1895 in Treis / Lumda), painter, arrested on February 6, 1942 for taking part in conversations critical of the regime and for listening to foreign radio broadcasts, on July 21, 1942 by the People's Court in Darmstadt Preparing for treason and eavesdropping on enemy broadcasters, sentenced to death and executed by guillotine in the Frankfurt-Preungesheim prison.
  • February 19, 1943: Jaroslaw Golda (* 1893), Czech citizen
  • March 3, 1943: Vladislaw Podsenik (* 1898), Czech citizen
  • March 3, 1943: Milos Prosek (born May 8, 1913 in Brno), Czech citizen
  • March 3, 1943: Karel Svoboda (* 1913), Czech citizen
  • March 13, 1943: Kasimir Kukula (born September 1, 1906 in Papianice), sentenced to death by the Special Court for the Higher Regional Court District of Kassel on February 10, 1943 for offenses against the Polish Criminal Law Ordinance
  • March 18, 1943: Jan Bezdek (* 1907), Czech citizen, arrested for resistance against the German occupation in 1940, sentenced to death on October 22, 1942
  • March 18, 1943: Wenzel Cerny (* 1902), Czech citizen, arrested for resistance against the German occupation in 1940, sentenced to death on October 22, 1942
  • March 18, 1943: Vratislav Ladislav Elsner (born June 16, 1917), Czech citizen, arrested for resistance against the German occupation in 1940, sentenced to death on October 22, 1942
  • March 18, 1943: Oldrich Fictum (born July 3, 1907), Czech citizen, arrested for resistance against the German occupation in 1940, sentenced to death on October 22, 1942
  • March 18, 1943: Zdenek Koznarek (born December 7, 1910), Czech citizen, arrested for resistance against the German occupation in 1940, sentenced to death on October 22, 1942
  • March 18, 1943: Stanislav Prybil (* 1907), Czech citizen, arrested for working in the resistance against the German occupation in 1940, sentenced to death on October 22, 1942
  • March 18, 1943: Anton Smutny (* 1898), Czech citizen, sentenced to death
  • March 18, 1943: Rudolf Vlk (born February 17, 1908)
  • March 18, 1943: Oldřich Wilka, (born January 22, 1899 in Brno), Czech citizen
  • April 7, 1943: Friedrich Haring (born July 20, 1917 in Kohlberg near Arnsfeld), son of a German farmer's daughter and a Russian prisoner of war of the First World War, enlisted in the Wehrmacht in 1939, joined the Waffen-SS in 1940, was, after he, After learning of his transfer to the Eastern Front, deliberately shot in the hand because he did not want to fight his Russian compatriots, arrested and sentenced to death by the court martial in Frankfurt for self-mutilation
  • May 4, 1943: Jan Chury (* 1910), Czech citizen
  • May 4, 1943: Eugen Hajek (* 1913), Czech citizen
  • May 4, 1943: Jan Tomasek (* 1890), Czech citizen
  • June 4, 1943: Robert Stuhlmann (* 1921)
  • June 22, 1943: Josef Bohonek (* 1910), Czech citizen
  • July 26, 1943: Karl Taberski (* 1922)
  • August 22, 1943: Valentina Archipowa (* 1918)
  • August 25, 1943: Ernst Emil Offhaus (born August 23, 1891), head of the Frankfurt Food Office, NSDAP member, arrested on July 3, 1943 for listening to foreign radio stations and distributing their "hostile" news as well as for defeatist statements regarding the war situation Sentenced to death by the Kassel Higher Regional Court for undermining military strength and executed with the guillotine in Frankfurt-Preungesheim prison.

1944

  • 1944: Georg Holz, arrested for listening to foreign radio broadcasts and distributing their reports, sentenced to death by the People's Court for degrading military strength and favoring the enemy
  • 1944: Philipp Mann, arrested for listening to foreign radio broadcasts and distributing their reports, sentenced to death by the People's Court for undermining military strength and favoring the enemy
  • March 8, 1944: Helmut Böhmer (* 1915), Czech citizen
  • March 28, 1944: Heinrich Dolde, employee in the dental laboratory of the Schwerzmann company in Frankfurt, arrested on May 31, 1943 after repeatedly expressing himself critical of the regime, refusing the Hitler salute, describing the Wehrmacht reports as a hoax and allegedly doing pro-Soviet propaganda against French prisoners of war sentenced to death by the Higher Regional Court on February 11, 1944
  • May 21, 1944: Rudolf Malter (* 1896)
  • May 23, 1944: Fernand Fandel (born December 4, 1924), Luxembourger
  • May 23, 1944: Denis Stoffel (born June 14, 1921), Luxembourger
  • May 23, 1944: Johannes Volz (* 1912), denounced for listening to foreign radio stations, arrested, sentenced to death for undermining military strength
  • May 23, 1944: Francois Wehr (born March 30, 1923), Luxembourger
  • May 30, 1944: Pierre Jungblut (* 1923), Luxembourger
  • June 6, 1944: Heinrich Wilhelm Schäfer (born January 2, 1902), electrician and stoker, arrested on September 30, 1943 for saying that Germany would not win the Second World War, and on April 27, 1944 for high treason and degradation of the military Sentenced to death
  • August 29, 1944: Paul Kroll (* 1884), communist, because of statements directed against the Nazi regime, which he dropped to two employees in a health resort in Bad Pyrmont in the summer of 1943 (he declared Germany would lose the war, the capitalist , beginning with Hitler and Mussolini, the head was soon cut off and an employee recommended to write a letter to her father at the front telling him he should desert), sentenced to death on July 7, 1944 by the Higher Regional Court for preparation for high treason and degradation of military strength
  • July 11, 1944: Marcel Bour (* 1923), Luxembourger, sentenced to death
  • July 11, 1944: Pierre Eischen (born June 18, 1923), Luxembourger
  • July 11, 1944: Arthur Rauth (* 1920), Luxembourger
  • July 11, 1944: Jean Schroeder (* 1921), Luxembourger
  • August 29, 1944: Georges Michel (* 1925), Luxembourger
  • September 26, 1944: Max Mährlein (* 1896), worker at the marshalling yard in Würzburg, arrested on the basis of statements critical of the war, sentenced to death for degrading military strength
  • October 27, 1944: Hermann Düllgen (born December 26, 1899 in Düsseldorf), construction worker, communist, former city councilor in Neuss, as a concentration camp prisoner in the Kalkum concentration camp for writing an anti-Nazi leaflet (from Stalingrad to Kiev) before the Darmstadt court accused, sentenced to death for preparing for high treason, degrading military strength and favoring the enemy
  • October 27, 1944: Georg Fröba (born November 27, 1896 in Bayreuth), tailor, communist, arrested in 1943 for anti-Nazi activity, sentenced to death on September 6, 1944 by the 2nd Senate of the People's Court for preparing high treason and favoring the enemy
  • October 27, 1944: Karl Kemptner (born August 2, 1898), machinist at the Mannheim power station, social democrat, arrested on March 28, 1944 for speeches critical of the war, sentenced to death by the People's Court in September 1944 for preparation for high treason and degradation of military strength
  • November 21, 1944: Willi Schütte (* 1895), sentenced to death on December 14, 1942
  • November 22, 1944: Ernst Schmidtseifer (* 1918), sentenced to death on October 7, 1944
  • December 12, 1944: Raymond Dombret (* 1889), foreman, Belgian, NSDAP member, local group training leader, entrusted with the task of driving dairy cattle inward to the Reich in the face of the Allied advance in autumn 1944, on September 25, 1944 while stealing valuables arrested from the luggage of a refugee family in Aachen, sentenced to death on October 10, 1944 by the Aachen Special Court in Düren for looting and executed in Frankfurt-Preungesheim

1945

  • January 30, 1945: Marcel van Holder (* 1921), car painter, Belgian (Flame), arrested in Wiesbaden in July 1944 after he had said that he would fight as a partisan against foreign workers in Germany in the event of an American weapon drop, as well as sentenced to death by the 3rd Senate of the People's Court on December 13, 1944 for undermining military strength due to the dissemination of reports from foreign news channels
  • March 6, 1945: Jakob Nester (* 1905), communist, arrested in July 1944 for listening to foreign radio stations and distributing their reports, sentenced to death on December 13, 1944 for high treason, undermining military strength and radio crimes

See also

literature

  • Thomas Waltenbacher: Central execution sites . The execution of the death penalty in Germany from 1937–1945. Executioner in the Third Reich . Zwilling-Berlin, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024265-6
  • Richard J. Evans: Rituals of Retribution. The death penalty in German history 1532–1987 . Kindler, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-463-40400-1

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Frankfurt am Main III prison - presentation. Retrieved October 23, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b Ina Harnischfeger: Preungesheim, you beautiful little town. (PDF) In: Archivnachrichten. Landesarchiv Hessen, 2011, accessed on October 23, 2017 .
  3. ^ Matthias Blazek: Executioners in Prussia and in the German Empire 1866 - 1945 . ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8382-6107-2 ( google.co.uk [accessed October 23, 2017]).
  4. ^ Institute for Contemporary History: Reich Central Authorities, regional authorities and scientific universities for the ten West German states and Berlin . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 1991, ISBN 978-3-11-095039-7 ( google.co.uk [accessed October 23, 2017]).
  5. ^ Frankfurt am Main-Preungesheim Prison | Frank Falla Archives . In: Frank Falla Archive . ( frankfallaarchive.org [accessed October 23, 2017]).
  6. ^ Waltenbacher, Thomas .: Central execution sites: the execution of the death penalty in Germany from 1937–1945; Executioner in the Third Reich . Zwilling-Berlin, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024265-6 .
  7. ^ Preungesheim, penitentiary "Prison and Women's Youth Prison Preungesheim". Topography of National Socialism in Hesse. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  8. ↑ List of places of detention of the Foundation EVZ. Retrieved October 23, 2017 .
  9. ^ Frankfurter Neue Presse: New House for the Frauenknast | Frankfurter Neue Presse . ( fnp.de [accessed on October 23, 2017]).
  10. ↑ Frankfurt am Main-Preungesheim (JVA memorial for Nazi victims), Hesse. Retrieved October 24, 2017 .
  11. ^ Family Tachau | Project Jewish Life in Frankfurt. Retrieved October 23, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Röll: Social Democrats in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp 1937–1945: including biographical sketches . Wallstein Verlag, 2000, ISBN 978-3-89244-417-6 ( google.co.uk [accessed October 23, 2017]).
  13. ^ Harald Fester: Hermann Lichtenstein. Retrieved November 1, 2017 .
  14. ^ Herbert Steffes: mass murderer. Retrieved October 23, 2017 .
  15. ↑ Part 4: Georg “Schorsch” Fröba (1896–1944) - P Stadtkultur Darmstadt . In: P Stadtkultur Darmstadt . September 21, 2015 ( p-stadtkultur.de [accessed October 23, 2017]).

Coordinates: 50 ° 9 ′ 1 ″  N , 8 ° 41 ′ 40.7 ″  E