Checklist
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A tally sheet is used as a tool to determine the frequency of occurrence of certain features or events . For this purpose, possible features or events are determined in advance and plotted against one another. A tally sheet uses the unary system .
Even in the Stone Age, long before writing was invented, numbers were marked in the form of line-like notches (→ Kerbholz ).
use
When collecting data , events or features can be counted using a tally sheet. For each occurrence, a vertical line is placed next to the corresponding entry in the list. It is common that every fifth line is drawn horizontally and the last four lines are crossed out. The groups of five formed in this way increase the clarity of the evaluation.
For example, a traffic count could count how many cars and pedestrians pass an intersection. The tally sheet can also be expanded to include additional features or events during processing. A new feature cyclist could be added to the traffic count.
After the observation has ended, the absolute frequency of each feature or event can be determined by counting the lines. From this, the total number of features or events, their relative frequency , and other statistical key figures can be calculated.
Find tally sheets a. in quality assurance application. You are here z. B. used to determine error accumulations, for example by means of test sheets.
The concept of counting has been manifested as a function in tabulating machines since Herman Hollerith , a basic function of data processing .
presentation
When keeping a tally sheet on paper or on a chalkboard, the formation of blocks makes it easier to read the total. For this purpose, the formation of blocks of five has prevailed, but their representation is quite different from region to region.
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In Europe , Australia and North America , the fifth line is usually set across (horizontally or diagonally). But there is a risk of confusing ||| and ||||, so that inadvertently the fourth or only the sixth line is crossed off. |
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An alternative from Argentina is to make squares. There is no danger of confusing ||| here and ||||. |
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In China , Japan and Korea , the character of five bars 正 formed which for justice , properly or fully stands. |
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In a further alternative, blocks of ten are formed instead of blocks of five: The first four numbers are symbolized by setting the corner points of a square, with the next four numbers these are connected by lines to form a square; the last two numbers are symbolized by the diagonals in this square. Similar to the Argentine method, confusion is unlikely. |
Alternatives
Instead of tally sheets, hand counters are also used today. By pressing a button or a lever the counter advances one at a time. If necessary, the counter can be reset to zero.
Counters can also be written as software , for example as an application for cell phones.
Automatic counting devices are used where high speeds are required that a person would no longer be able to keep up with . For example, in industrial production plants, counting is done with the help of light barriers or video cameras .
Counting needles are another alternative . In surveying ( geodesy ) they are used to mark length sections. These sections of the same length can easily be counted and added together.
Web links
- Nagl: Introduction to Statistics. Chapter 2.1 - Original list, sorted list and frequency distribution. ( PDF -Script; 1.39 MB)
supporting documents
- ↑ Breviary Technical Ceramics, 10.6.1 Statistical Evaluation - Overview
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Retrieved January 8, 2011
- ↑ Handylearn Counter - a free counter software for mobile phones in Java
