Stromtal meadow birds

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Stromtal meadow birds
Coenonympha oedippus - Nature Conservation-001-073-g034.jpg

Stromtal meadow bird ( Coenonympha oedippus )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Noble butterfly (Nymphalidae)
Subfamily : Eye butterflies (Satyrinae)
Genre : Coenonympha
Type : Stromtal meadow birds
Scientific name
Coenonympha oedippus
( Fabricius , 1787)
preparation

The river valley meadow bird ( Coenonympha oedippus ) or bog meadow bird is a butterfly (day butterfly ) from the family of noble butterflies (Nymphalidae). The specific epithet is derived from the name of a Theban king from Greek mythology .

features

butterfly

The moths reach a wingspan of 26 to 34 millimeters, with the females being slightly larger. Their fore and hind wing tops are monochrome and dyed matt brown without drawing. Occasionally one or two indistinct eye spots can be seen on the outer edge of the hind wings. The undersides of the wings are light brown and show many yellow-rimmed, black eye-spots, which are also centered white. In females, these are also present on the underside of the forewings, and they also show a conspicuous, silver-white wing edge band.

Egg, caterpillar, pupa

The egg is relatively large and blue-green in color. The slender caterpillars are green-yellow in color and have a dark stripe on the back and long pink-colored anus tips. The pupa is light olive green and has yellowish, white edged wing sheaths and brownish head tips.

Similar species

  • The smaller forest meadow bird ( Coenonympha hero ) shows several reddish-rimmed eye spots on the upper side of the hind wing as well as a slightly more colorfully colored back of the wing.
  • The brown forest bird ( Aphantopus hyperantus ) lacks the silver-white band on the underside of the wing. It is also much bigger.

Occurrence

The animals occur in isolated colonies locally from southwest France in an easterly direction to Japan . In the German-speaking countries, they can only be found in a few, narrowly limited places in Austria and Switzerland . They are preferably to be found on marsh and moorland meadows, but occasionally also in dry places and on warmer Stromtal whistle grass meadows.

Way of life

The moths live annually in one generation from mid-June to mid-August. They fly low and slowly over meadows in the sun and rest with their wings closed. The females lay the eggs on the stalks of the forage plants. The young caterpillars overwinter. The caterpillars mainly use pipe grass ( Molinia ), cotton grass ( Eriophorum ) or millet sedge ( Carex panicea ) as forage plants . Pupation takes place in a tumbler .

Hazard and protection

The species used to occur in Bavaria, but is now considered extinct in Germany. The cultivation of bog meadows has probably accelerated this situation. The Stromtal meadow bird is therefore on the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany in Category 0 (extinct or missing). In the Red List of Austria the species is considered "critically endangered" (CR). It is listed in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe . tape 1 . E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1908, p. 47 .
  2. ↑ Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 2: Butterflies. (Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1955, DNB 456642188 .
  3. ↑ a b Hans-Josef Weidemann: Butterfly: observe, determine. Naturbuch-Verlag Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89440-115-X
  4. ↑ Ludwig Osthelder: The butterflies of southern Bavaria . Supplement to the 15th year of the Munich Entomological Society.
  5. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 978-3-89624-110-8
  6. ^ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Red Lists of Endangered Animals Austria. Checklists, risk analyzes, need for action. Part 1: Mammals, birds, grasshoppers, water beetles, netflies, beaked flies, Tagfalter Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-205-77345-4

literature

  • Hans-Josef Weidemann: Butterflies: observe, determine. Naturbuch-Verlag Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89440-115-X

Web links

Commons : Stromtal-Wiesenvögelchen  - album with pictures, videos and audio files