Structural analysis (psychiatry)

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Structural analysis is a concept developed by Karl Birnbaum between 1918 and 1923 to make the development of endogenous psychoses understandable and explainable in accordance with the principles of structuralism , elemental psychology and structural psychology. Among structure generally "ordinary Bundling", order or the (invisible) arrangement of the parts is meant a whole to each other. In structural analysis, this also includes the structure and interaction of very specific forces. A distinction is made between pathogenetic and pathoplastic factors, which are to be classified in a dynamic and hierarchical field of tension. Individual factors or elements are: age , gender , character , milieu , experience , situation , experiences, etc. a.

Structure of the psychosis

As mentioned factors already show, physical (or somatically conditioned) and mental (or psychogenetic ) elements are connected with each other in a field of tension ( psychophysical correlation ). The classical German psychiatry assumed that physically determined factors are decisive to be regarded as hierarchical. These are causally effective and therefore pathogenetically decisive forces that also determine the lawfully advancing disease process. They are at the top of the hierarchy and of ' clinical dignity '. - ' Pathoplastic ' factors, on the other hand, tend to be random. They have no influence on the 'disease per se', on the nature of the disease. They contain the social and cultural factors that do not represent ultimate clinical facts (Birnbaum), but have a certain influence on the development of the symptoms, the ' symptoms of the disease '. The separation between ' illness in itself ' and ' disease symptoms ' can be traced back to the philosophy of Kant (so-called thing in itself ). So z. B. delusional content as such ' symptoms of illness ' can be determined by pathoplastic factors. Certain delusions, such as ideas of persecution and impairment, have therefore been viewed as characteristic of paranoia . The case of the main teacher Wagner ( Ernst August Wagner ; 1874–1938) was viewed as a paradigm of paranoia . The triad of typical modes of experience, character and milieu was viewed as pathoplastic for the development of the symptoms in the form of a relationship and persecution mania. Experiences that matched the triggering of symptoms such as the “key to the lock” were ethical failures and experiences of “shameful insufficiency ” ( masturbation complex and conflicts with “belated love of aging girls”). The specific character consisted of a sensitive (sensitive) personality structure, the small-town and petty-bourgeois environment of Wagner was seen as a milieu factor.

evaluation

The psychiatric historical significance of the structural analysis is the transition of the opinion of a single cause heredo- constitutional triggering of psychosis - in terms of heredity - in a so-called. Structural analysis approach . In this case, there is not a single cause responsible for triggering and developing the endogenous psychoses. Rather, in the polymorphic structure of the psychosis, numerous factors are to be seen in a common context (polymorph = diverse). Birnbaum's view is also referred to as a structure-analytical approach. It is comparable to Kretschmer's multiconditional approach . Even if Ernst Kretschmer could not rely on the work of Birnbaum, there is still a historical context, shaped by structural psychology as it was developed by Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911). This can be seen more as a personalistic psychology than a psychiatry based solely on the theory of degeneration . From existentialism been are doubts about the Kantian distinction between essence 'and' appearance 'levied. Birnbaum's structural analysis differs from Sigmund Freud's structural model and the psychoanalytic teaching of structural disorders and “structural defects” in the broadest sense by emphasizing psychophysiological conditions ( heredity - developmental psychology ).

See also

Web links

Wikiversity: Psychogenesis versus Somatogenesis  - Course Materials

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Birnbaum, Karl : Psychological causation of mental disorders and the mentally conditioned abnormal soul processes . JF Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1918
  2. ↑ Birnbaum, Karl : The structure of psychosis. Basics of psychiatric structural analysis. Springer, Berlin 1923
  3. ↑ Brockhaus, FA: Brockhaus Encyclopedia. The big foreign dictionary. Brockhaus Leipzig, Mannheim 19 2001, ISBN 3-7653-1270-3 ; Lexicon-Stw. "Structural analysis": page 1280
  4. ^ A b c Peters, Uwe Henrik : Lexicon Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology . Urban & Fischer, Munich 6 2007; ISBN 978-3-437-15061-6 ; (a) to Lexikon-Stw. “Structural Analysis”: page 534; (b) to Lexikon-Stw. “Paranoid”: page 388; (c)) to Lexikon-Stw. "Structural Psychology". Pages 534, (204, 216, 674) (online)
  5. ↑ a b c Tölle, Rainer : Psychiatrie . Child and adolescent psychiatric treatment by Reinhart Lempp . Springer, Berlin 7 1985, ISBN 3-540-15853-7 ; (a) Re. “pathoplastic”: page 212 249; (b) Re. “Relationship and paranoia as delusional content”: page 174; (c) Re. “Triggering and shaping of paranoia or the sensitive delusional relationship through pathogenic and pathoplastic factors (triad)”: page 174 ff.
  6. ↑ Stern, William : Person and Matter . Derivation and basic theory. Vol. 1. Barth, Leipzig 1906
  7. ↑ Pauleikhoff, Bernhard : Endogenous Psychoses as Time Disorders : For the foundation of a personal psychiatry taking into account historical development. Hürtgenwald 1986
  8. ^ Sartre, Jean-Paul : L'être et le néant . Essai d'ontologie phenoménologique. [1943] Gallimard tel, 2007, ISBN 978-2-07-029388-9 ; Cape. 1. "L'idée de phénomène" and chap. 2. “Le phénomène d'être et l'être du phénomène” pages 11–16
  9. ↑ Mentzos, Stavros : Neurotic Conflict Processing. Introduction to the psychoanalytic theory of neuroses, taking into account more recent perspectives. © 1982 Kindler, Fischer-Taschenbuch, Frankfurt 1992, ISBN 3-596-42239-6 ; on stw. "Structure model": page 39 f .; on stw. “structural disorders”: pages 11, 146, 177, 182 f .; Re. “structural defects”: pages 19, 39, 82 ff., 85, 109, 148