Structural mechanics
The structural mechanics is the calculation of deformations, forces, and internal stresses in solids , either for the new planning or recalculation of existing mechanical structures. It deals with the strength calculation of components, molded material parts, component groups, etc., which consist of solid materials such as steel, aluminum, other metal, plastic, rubber, composite material, concrete, wood, glass or others.
Structural mechanics is a technical discipline in which mechanical solid-state models are created, the solid-state components to be examined are divided into finite substructures and subjected to external mechanical or thermal loads (using the free-cutting principle in the case of vector-valued and directed quantities). As a rule, the contours of the finite individual elements of the substructures correspond to elementary geometric shapes. The boundary surfaces of the individual elements of the finite substructures can then be used to calculate sizes and states perpendicular, tangential or at an angle to these limits inside the solid-state components more precisely and thus to gain information about conditions inside the component. Structural mechanics is an interdisciplinary engineering subject that has applications inMechanical engineering (and in particular in vehicle construction , but also in many other branches), in construction (and in particular in steel construction ), in aerospace technology and in defense technology .
It deals with the calculation, dimensioning and dimensioning of these components and structures under static and dynamic mechanical and thermal loads. This also includes: stress and deformation analyzes, fracture mechanics , failure mechanisms, vibration properties , contact and friction problems , etc.
A means and tool often used today for calculations in structural mechanics is the finite element method . The finite element solid-state models that can be created in this way can be processed into three-dimensional color models with color-giving data visualization algorithms beyond the purely numerically resulting information content. The latter applies if the software for the modeling is specially programmed and implemented. A number of finite element software packages already include the color visualization feature in the package.
Opposites, but also additions to the structural mechanics are fluid mechanics (fluid mechanics), acoustics , thermodynamics , piezoelectricity , electromagnetism , temperature fields, etc.
literature
- Rudolf Szilard: Finite calculation methods in structural mechanics. , 2 volumes, Verlag W. Ernst, Part 1: Frameworks. 1982, ISBN 3-433-00867-1 , part 2: surface structures in construction. 1990, ISBN 3-433-01007-2
- Johannes Wissmann, Klaus-Dieter Sarnes: Finite elements in structural mechanics. Springer, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-61836-2
- Robert Gasch , Klaus Knothe: Structural Dynamics. , 2 volumes, Springer, Berlin, Part 1: Discrete Systems. 1987, ISBN 3-540-16849-4 , Part 2: Continua and their discretization. 1989, ISBN 3-540-50771-X