Subscriptio (Diplomatics)
With Subscriptio or Subscriptiones , since several elements can belong to it, diplomatics designates the first part of the escha protocol (final protocol) in the medieval document form . The original meaning of the word “signature”, “underwriting”, however, only covers a small part of the cases. Depending on the issuer of the certificate, the subscriptions are designed differently:
In the diplomas of kings and emperors, this includes the sign line with the monogram of the ruler and the recognition line , sometimes with a recognition sign . For these lines, as for the intitulatio (indication of position or function), an elongata (elongated script variant) is used as markup . From Charlemagne up to the beginning of the eleventh century, the ruler only participated personally through the execution stroke (only the last stroke by hand), under Maximilian I and Charles V the ruler's name was signed. The personal part of the exhibitor was regular in Byzantium. In addition to the Legimus or the Menologem , signatures with names and titles are also documented.
Papal privileges include the Rota (name and motto) and the Benevalete (final wish), between which there is the Pope's signature. Among the signatures of Cardinal are arranged in three columns, the left, the cardinal Priest , under the pope the cardinal bishops and right Cardinal Deacon . For the cardinals of all ordines, the signatures provide key biographical data. The order is based on seniority; in the case of absences , the corresponding lines are left blank. The degree of authorship varies, but there is a handwritten portion in every signature.
In notarial instruments , in addition to the signature of the notary, which since the 13th century has usually been able to show a notarial signet, the signatures of the witnesses, which can be entered in an objective form by the notary, with the form Signum manus ... (sign of the hand ...) a cross is prefixed, which is usually attributable to the witness in question, as it is drawn differently. People who are able to write sign according to the subjectively formulated pattern + Ego N. subscripsi (+ I N. have signed), + Ego N. testis sum (+ I N. am a witness) or in other variants. Sometimes there are also versed formulations.
literature
- Peter Csendes : signature, note . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 8, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-89659-908-9 , Sp. 1268.
- Peter Csendes: signature . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 8, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-89659-908-9 , Sp. 1272 f.
- Werner Maleczek : Sottoscrizioni autografe come mezzo di convalida (sec. IX-XIII) . Città del Vaticano 2014 ISBN 978-88-85054-23-3 (Prolusioni academiche, 8)
- Werner Maleczek: Autographs by cardinals of the 13th and 14th centuries . In: Claudia Feller, Christian Lackner (eds.): Manu propria. From the personal writing of the mighty (13th – 15th centuries) , Vienna 2016, pp. 69–148
Remarks
- ^ Franz Dölger - Johannes Karayannopulos , Byzantinische Urkundenlehre. First section. Die Kaiserurkunden , Munich 1968, pp. 54–56 and more often.
- ↑ Horst Enzensberger: Non populus parvus. Verified witness companies and notary signatures in the documentary system of southern Italy , in: Aspetti della cultura dei laici in area adriatica. Saggi sul tardo medioevo e sulla prima età moderna , a cura di Roberto Pacciocco, Luigi Pellegrini e di A. Appignani, Napoli 1998, pp. 11–148 (Biblioteca di Studi Medievali e Moderni; Sezione Medievale, 2)
Web links
- Certificate forms from Horst Enzensberger
- Signatures in the lecture series on signs (2003) by Horst Enzensberger
- Signature * . Publications in the bibliographic database of the Regesta Imperii .