Sultanate of Malwa
| Malwa | |||||
| 1392-1562 | |||||
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| Capital |
Dhar Mandu |
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| Form of government | sultanate | ||||
| founding | 1392 | ||||
| resolution | 1562 | ||||
| State religion: Islam Dynasty: Tughluq |
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The Malwa Sultanate was one of the Islamic states of India in the 15th century. It emerged during a period of weakness in the Delhi Sultanate and was finally annexed by the Mughal Empire in 1561/62 .
location
The Sultanate of Malwa ruled the formerly Hindu region of Malwa in the western part of today's Madhya Pradesh province , about 400 to 700 m high . Important cities were Dhar , Mandu , Mandsaur and Ujjain .
history
The founder of the Sultanate of Malwa was a governor of the Tughluq sultans named Dilavar Khan Ghori (ruled 1392–1406). A few years after the death of Firoz Shah , he made himself independent of Delhi, but received Sultan Mahmud, who was fleeing from Delhi from Timur Lenk , with all honors. His son Alp Khan alias Hoshang Shah (r. 1406-35) chose Mandu , a fortress located on a plateau, as his residence and expanded it into the capital. He poisoned his father, but did not do well in several wars against the Sultanate of Gujarat (1407, 1422) and the Bahmani Sultanate (1428). Nevertheless, he managed to expand the empire as a whole. The next Sultan Muhammad (r. 1435) was a cruel drunk who killed three brothers and was poisoned by a cousin, Mahmud Khilji, who founded a new dynasty in Malwa.
Mahmud Khilji (r. 1436-69) had to fight against the opposition of the disempowered princes, one of whom fled to Gujarat and the other to Chittorgarh or Mewar . Although his wars against Gujarat, Mewar and the Bahmani Sultanate showed only short-lived successes and defeats, his reputation was so high that he received messages from the Timurid sultan Abu Said (r. 1452–68) and the Egyptian caliph Al-Mustanjid received. He was followed by Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din (ruled 1469–1500), who ruled peacefully and mildly and mostly spent his time in the harem . He was forced to abdicate by the heir to the throne Nasir-ud-Din (ruled 1500–1511) when the succession was in question due to harem intrigues. Nasir-ud-Din's government was marked by suspicion and cruelty, and civil war broke out after his death.
The general and eventful civil war around Malwa (connected, for example, with the rise of a Hindu governor named Medini Rai) reduced the power base of Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1511-1531) to the capital and then ended in 1531 with the capture of Mandu by the Sultanate of Gujarat . Mahmud II was captured and murdered.
Later attempts to re-establish the Malwa Sultanate ended in 1561 with the annexation by the Mughal Empire . The finale is connected with a love story between the last Sultan Baz Bahadur (ruled 1555–1561) and Rani Roopmati, with Akbar's milk brother Adham Khan in the role of the villain.
literature
- Hermann Goetz : History of India (= Kohlhammer-Urban-Taschenbücher. 59, ZDB -ID 995319-x ). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1962.
