Sultanate of Sambas
The Sultanate of Sambas ( Malay : Kesultanan Melayu Sambas) was a traditional Malay state on the west coast of the island of Borneo , in what is now Indonesia , with the capital Pontianak .
history
Initially, the state was administered by governors; and it was not until 1609 that Sambas became a kingdom through the descendants of regent Sepudak. She married one of her daughters to Prince Tengah, a son of Sultan Muhammad Hassan of Brunei , who later became the first and last Sultan of Sarawak for the Brunei Empire . The child from this connection, Muhammad Saif ud-din I, became the first Muslim sultan of Sambas.
Sambas remained independent until the time of the Dutch East India Company , when the capital was bombed in 1812. The Dutch took control in 1819 and often interfered in succession arrangements. Among other things, they arranged for Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II to be deposed and exiled to Java .
The state was nevertheless stable and produced strong, long-lived rulers until the Japanese conquest in 1942. Sultan Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din II was executed in the course of the Pontianak incident at Mandor in 1944. The sultanate was then abolished and replaced by a Japanese council. With the return of the Dutch in 1946 it was re-established. The Sultan died in 1956, which also ended this line.
From 1984 Winata Kusuma von Samba was head of the royal family. He was recognized as a sultan in 2000 and installed in July 2001. He died in 2008.
title
The title Sultan translated means "His Highness". The king's name is Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku, followed by the personal government name, ibni al-Marhum, and at the end the father's title is added. The main woman is called Sri Paduka Ratu. The succession follows the birthright , with the sons of royal women having a privilege over sons of civil women.
Ruler
Panembahan Ratu (Kings / Queens) from Sambas:
- Timbang Paseban , 1600-1609
- Sepudak , 1609-1632
- Anom Kesumayuda , 1632-1670
Sultans of Sambas:
- Muhammad Shafi ud-din I , 1675–1685
- Muhammad Taj ud-din I , 1685-1708
- Umar Aqam ud-din I. , 1708-1732
- Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din I , 1732–1764
- Umar Akam ud-din II. , 1764-1786
- Achmad Taj ud-din II. , 1786–1793
- Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I , 1793–1815
- Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I , 1815-1828
- Usman Kamal ud-din , 1828-1832
- Umar Akam ud-din III. , 1832-1846
- Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II. , 1846-1854
- Umar Kamal ud-din , 1854–1866
- Muhammad Shafi ud-din II. , 1866-1924
- Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din II , 1924–1926
- Muhammad Tayeb , Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1926–1931
- Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din , 1931-1943
- Muchsin Panji Anom , Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1946–1950
Royal family
- Muhammad Taufik , head of the royal family 1950–1984
- Winata Kusuma , head of the royal family 1984–2000, Sultan 2000–2008
- Muhammad Tarhan , head of the royal family since February 3, 2008