Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fyodorov

Fyodorov (2nd from left, 1998)

Svyatoslaw Nikolajewitsch Fjodorow ( Russian Святослав Николаевич Фёдоров ; born August 8, 1927 in Proskurow , † June 2, 2000 in Moscow ) was a Russian professor of ophthalmology , politician and presidential candidate. He is considered one of the pioneers in refractive surgery .

biography

Svyatoslaw Fjodorow was born the son of a division commander of the Red Army and after graduating from school in 1943, following military family tradition, he planned to become a pilot in the war Soviet Air Force. During his training he survived a crash landing, after which, however, his leg had to be amputated.

Forced to change training, he turned to training as a doctor and enrolled at the Rostov-on-Don Medical Institute. After his license to practice medicine in 1952, he served his years of duty as a village doctor in the village of Veshenskaya near Rostov-on-Don, later in the Lysva district of Sverdlovsk. Returning to Rostov-on-Don, he completed his training as an ophthalmologist at the Rostov Medical Institute and from 1958 worked as the medical director of the Cheboksary branch of the state Helmholtz Institute. In 1960 he developed a crystalline plastic lens there, which he also implanted himself. From 1961 to 1967 he headed the Ophthalmic Clinic at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute until he was appointed director of the "Laboratory for the Implantation of Artificial Lenses" at the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute. In 1966 he was one of the founding members of the International Intraocular Implant Club, which was founded under the auspices of the Royal Society of Medicine during the tenure of Sir Harold Ridley, the pioneer of intraocular lens implantation.

In 1969 he began trying to research and produce an artificial cornea. This less successful project, however, led him to the field of corneal surgery and the development of radial keratotomy, a technique that other eye surgeons, most recently Tsutomu Sato from Japan in the 1930s, had failed to do because of the unpredictability. His development of relatively good normograms of the number, depth and length of the incisions in the cornea that had to be made in order to change the refractive power of the eye led to his international recognition and he followed many invitations to international congresses where he and his Lectures and surgery courses always provided an attraction. His he created opportunity with the radial keratotomy to gain freedom from glasses and contact lens was particularly in the USA quickly for trend-operation with thousands of procedures per year, while in Europe the emerging excimer - laser eye treatment becoming this operation because of the known Daily fluctuations in refractive power and glare effects at night quickly outstripped the rank. After the German ophthalmologist and physicist Theo Seiler had researched radial keratotomy with the excimer laser and published it in 1987, Fyodorov also turned to operations with the excimer laser.

The appearance of his hospital ship "Peter I" off Gibraltar and Cyprus in 1994, when he offered his paying guests his eye surgery there, attracted media attention.

SN Fyodorow is considered to be the pioneer of refractive eye surgery for the removal of ametropia, which triggered a completely new specialization within ophthalmology. In 2000, fate caught up with his young pilot training. SN Fyodorov was killed in the crash of the institute 's own helicopter near Tushino on the northwestern outskirts of Moscow. In the same year, the Institute for Ophthalmic Microsurgery, which was headed by Fyodorov until his death, was renamed the Svyatoslav Fyodorov Center for Ophthalmic Microsurgery by a government decision . The institute is still one of the most renowned research institutes for ophthalmology and now specializes, among other things, in laser-assisted surgical procedures. The biography of this pioneer of refractive eye surgery can be traced in a small local museum .

He was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Private / anecdotes

Among other things, SN Fyodorov had a close friendship with Fidel Castro , who visited him in Moscow in 1986 to see the assembly-line technique of eye operations. In the wake of this meeting there was a lively exchange of ophthalmologists between Havana and Moscow, which was promoted by politics.

politics

With the Perestroika of Mikhail Gorbachev , SN Fyodorow developed expansive commercial entrepreneurship, set up eye clinics in eleven Russian cities and finally employed around 4,000 employees who performed more than 300,000 different eye operations annually. In addition to all this involvement in ophthalmology, he became increasingly involved in politics as he observed the division of Russia into super-rich oligarchs and impoverished workers. From 1989 to 1991 he was an elected delegate to the Soviet People's Deputies Congress and was elected to the Duma in 1993 . In 1996 he ran in the presidential elections as an opposing candidate to Boris Yeltsin , but was only able to gain 0.9% of the vote.

Awards

• 1986 Lomonosov Gold Medal from the Soviet Academy of Sciences
• 1993 Name given to the asteroid (4371) Fyodorov, discovered on April 10, 1983

Web links

• Fyodorov Center for Ocular Microsurgery (English Version)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sato T, Akiyama K, Shibata H. A new surgical approach to myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1953 Jun; 36 (6 1): 823-829
2. ↑ Fedorov SN, Durnev VV. Operation of dosaged dissection of corneal circular ligament in cases of myopia of mild degree. Ann Ophthalmol. 1979 Dec; 11 (12): 1885-1890
3. ^ Waring GO., 3rd Evolution of radial keratotomy for myopia. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1985; 104 (Pt 1): 28-42
4. ^ Kaufman HE, McDonald MB. Refractive surgery for aphakia and myopia. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1985; 104 (Pt 1): 43-47
5. ↑ Theo Seiler, Thomas Bende, Josef Wollensak: Astigmatism correction with the excimer laser. In: Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 191, 1987, pp. 179-183.
6. ^ Aloys Henning: On the eye operations on the cantor and on the archdeacon of St. Thomas in Leipzig, Johann Sebastian Bach and Christoph Wolle. In: Würzburger medical history reports 17, 1998, pp. 227–250; here: pp. 244–247 ( epilogue of contemporary history ).
7. ↑ Aloys Henning (1998), p. 245 f.
8. ↑ Choyce DP. Floating eye clinic. British Medical Journal 1994 Oct15; 309 (6960): 1021
9. ↑ Святослав Николаевич Федоров. Биографическая справка , RIA Novosti , June 2, 2010, accessed April 2, 2018.
10. ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 22502