Plant wasps

Plant wasps
A species of sawfly (Tenthredinidae)
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Subclass : Flying insects (Pterygota) Superordinate : New winged wing (Neoptera) Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) Plant wasps
Scientific name
Symphyta
Gerstaecker , 1867

The plant wasps or saw wasps (Symphyta) are one of the two traditional suborders of the hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) with around 9,000 known species. In contrast to the far more species-rich waist wasps (Apocrita), they do not have the abdominal incision , the " wasp waist ". The wasps do not form a natural family group ( clade ), but a paraphyletic summary of the more primitive hymenoptera. They are predominantly herbivores or nectar eaters; only the almost 90 species of the Orussidae family develop as parasitoids from larvae of other insect species. The Orussidae represent the sister group of the waist wasps and can be seen as an evolutionary link between the subordinates.

The larvae mostly live on plants and resemble the butterfly caterpillars , they are also called " anal caterpillars ". The numerous species of plant wasps are mainly native to the temperate climatic regions. In Central Europe there are around 800 species of plant wasps; They include numerous species classified as pests .

Most plant wasps are tied to specific host plants. In the majority of species, the eggs are laid in the plant tissue.

Systematic overview

The following families belong to the plant wasps:

• Sawfly (Tenthredinoidea)
  • Sawfly (Tenthredinidae)
  • Bush horn sawps (Diprionidae)
  • Brush horn sawfly (Argidae)
  • Keulhorn sawfly (Cimbicidae)
  • Blasticotomidae
  • Pergidae
• Spider sawfly (Pamphilioidea)
  • Sawfly wasps (Pamphiliidae)
  • Megalodontesidae
• Cephoid (Cephoidea)
  • Stem sawflies (Cephidae)
• Wood wasps (Siricoidea)
  • Wood wasps (Siricidae)
  • Anaxyelidae
• Orussoidea
  • Orussidae
• Xyeloidea
  • Xyelidae
• Xiphydrioidea
  • Orca wasps (Xiphydriidae)

literature

• Wolfgang Schedl : Hymenoptera, subordination Symphyta: plant wasps , Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-085790-0 .

Web links

Commons : Plant Wasps  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Blank, SM, Groll, EK, Liston, AD, Prous, M. & Taeger, A. 2012: ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 4.0 beta, data version 39 (December 18, 2012). Digital Entomological Information, Müncheberg.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Identification of sawflies and horntails (Hymenoptera, 'Symphyta') through DNA barcodes: successes and caveats. Molecular Ecology Resources, November 19, 2016, accessed February 10, 2018 . 
2. ↑ MJ Skvarla, A. Tripodi, A. Szalanski, A. Dowling: New records of Orussus minutus Middlekauff, 1983 (Hymenoptera: Orussidae) represent a significant western range expansion. In: Biodiversity data journal. Number 3, 2015, p. E5793, doi : 10.3897 / BDJ.3.e5793 , PMID 26379466 , PMC 4568401 (free full text).