Synagogue (Wiesenbronn)
The former synagogue in the municipality of Wiesenbronn in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen is a former sacred building of the Israelite religious community . It is located on Badersgasse in the middle of the village.
history
The Jewish community first began building a sacred building at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1718, the Jew Samson allowed a synagogue to be added to his house in Badersgasse. The community had to pay Martini (...) 3 florins (...) annually for the construction of this synagogue . The synagogue was probably very plain. It had already become dilapidated in 1751 and was probably renovated in the following years.
Between 1792 and 1793 a new synagogue was built on the site of the old one. For this purpose, trees were felled as early as 1791 and incorporated into the roof. In February 1793 the Jewish community inaugurated the new synagogue. Despite the prevailing Lent , the consecration took place with singing and music. In 1846 the synagogue was dilapidated and had to be renewed in the coming decades. At the end of the 19th century the vaulted ceiling was expanded .
After the congregation continued to shrink, it was dissolved in June 1938. The synagogue was secularized and sold to the Christian neighbor Thomas Schmidt. Between 1948 and 1950 he converted the building into a residential building. New changes were made around 1977 by the new owner, Siegfried Latzel. In 1982 the building came to Margot Fuchs, who had an outbuilding added in 1989/1990. Reinhard Hüßner and his wife Michaela bought the building in 2005.
Between 2007 and 2013 the building was extensively renovated and archaeologically examined. A former mansion from 1264 was uncovered as a predecessor of the sacred building. The excavators also discovered several old storage pots and tiles from the 15th and 16th centuries. The construction measures were awarded by the District Cultural Foundation of Lower Franconia .
description
The synagogue is a two-storey building made of sandstone. Three rows of windows underline the classical features of the solid construction. On the south side, two pilasters with Tuscan capitals frame the building. A simple cornice makes the storeys recognizable from the outside. The south side was designed as a show side and was the only one that was plastered and painted. The building hardly differed from other farms in the village.
Inside you can still see an internal structure that accommodated the synagogue and the cantor's apartment in one and the same building. A living room , a chamber and a kitchen were located on the ground floor , while the entrance area was dominated by the mikveh. The room could be heated by means of a tiled stove , which could be equipped from the room. A narrow chimney led the smoke out of the synagogue.
The sacred space itself was on the upper floor and took up more than three quarters of the area. It was pulled quite high into the mansard roof so that it could be laid out on two floors. In the west gable was the entrance to the so-called women's gallery , while the men entered the synagogue through the main entrance. A wall niche was installed on the east side to accommodate the Torah shrine to be set up here .
The mikveh on the first floor was about 10 square meters. The plunge pool only filled the present north-west corner and could be reached by four to five steps. In the 1840s, the municipality had a kettle installed here to heat the water. The constant moisture in the mikveh led to static problems because the ceiling beams had to be replaced. In later times the vault over the ritual bath was therefore reinforced with iron girders.
In the late 19th century, the vaulted ceiling was also expanded and a flat ceiling was installed in the prayer room. The plaster mortar that was applied over the new wooden structure was decorated with stencil paintings showing geometric patterns and flowers. The ceiling was designed with stars. In this design, the Wiesenbronn synagogue is very similar to its Kitzinger counterpart from 1883. After the community was dissolved, the building was changed.
exhibition
Some documentation rooms were set up on the ground floor of the former synagogue. They shed light on the history of the Jewish community in Wiesenbronn and, above all, focus on the biography of the rabbi Seligmann Bär Bamberger, who grew up in Wiesenbronn . The center of the small exhibition is the exposed mikvah. In addition, the remains of a genisha offer an insight into the religious life of the community. With the ballotage of the Jewish men's choir, one of Bavaria's 100 home treasures is exhibited in the synagogue.
literature
- Reinhard Hüßner: On the building history of the Wiesenbronn synagogue . In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2009. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Dettelbach 2009. pp. 239-254.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: the building history of the Oktoberfest Bronner synagogue . P. 243.
- ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: the building history of the Oktoberfest Bronner synagogue . P. 252.
- ^ Alemannia Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Wiesenbronn , accessed on December 10, 2016.
- ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: the building history of the Oktoberfest Bronner synagogue . P. 244.
- ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: the building history of the Oktoberfest Bronner synagogue . P. 252.
- ^ Kitzinger Land: Synagoge Wiesenbronn , accessed on December 9, 2019.
Coordinates: 49 ° 44 ′ 52.4 " N , 10 ° 18 ′ 20.6" E