Synagogue (Rhaunen)

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The synagogue in Rhaunen was in Salzengasse. It was used from 1920 to 1938. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the interior was destroyed and the building was badly damaged, but not set on fire. The building was demolished in November 1938.

synagogue

Wildgräflicher Hof. The synagogue was located on the floor above the gate entrance from 1901 to 1920, before it was moved to the building in Salzengasse in 1920.

There was a prayer room in Rhaunen as early as 1730. In 1847 a synagogue is mentioned, but its location is not known. This was demolished in 1901. Planning for the construction of a new synagogue began as early as 1888. However, these were never implemented because the municipality lacked the necessary financial resources and the project was ultimately rejected by the authorities in 1907. From 1901 to 1920 the synagogue was located in the building of the former Wildgräflichen Oberamtshaus Am Bach 8 (today's Otto-Conrad-Straße 5; Wildgräflicher Hof house), which belonged to a member of the Jewish community. In 1920 the synagogue was then moved to the former home of one in the United Statesemigrated community member relocated to Salzengasse. It was a one-story building. Members of the SA stormed the building on the night of November 11th to 12th. The interior was smashed. The building was not set on fire because of a gasoline store in the neighborhood, but it was badly damaged and torn down by the fire brigade a few days later.

Rhaunen Jewish community

Presumably, Jews who had received a settlement permit from the Wildgraves of Dhaun were already settling in the area of ​​Rhaunen at the end of the 14th century . The community had a religious school (which was also a Jewish denominational school at times) and a mikveh . A religion teacher was employed who also performed the duties of prayer leader and shochet . The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Rhaunen. There was the Israelite Women's Association and the Israelite Men 's Association in the village . The most famous son of the Rhaunen Jewish community is the architect Albert Kahn , who emigrated to the United States with his family in 1880 at the age of eleven. He is considered one of the most important industrial architects of his time. From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. In addition, there were repeated anti-Jewish actions. As a result, many Jewish families left Rhaunen. Some managed to emigrate to the United States, Palestine or Sweden . The last members of the Jewish community living in Rhaunen were deported in October 1941.

Development of the Jewish population

year Jews Jewish families comment
1722 4th
1808 74
1833 90
1843 83 10 percent of the population of Rhaunen
1860 90
1875 88
1895 104
1903 109
1925 70
1933 58
October 1938 30th
Late 1941 no

Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de

The memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem list 47 members of the Jewish community Rhaunen (who were born there or temporarily lived there) who were during the time of National Socialism were murdered.

literature

  • Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 . ( online )
  • Erik Zimmermann: The Jews in the Rhaunen area - grazing lights from five centuries. In: Heimatkalender 2013 - 75 years of the Birkenfeld district (= contributions to the past and present of the state on the upper Nahe, the Westrich, the Hoch- and Idarwald. 2013). Birkenfeld district, Birkenfeld 2013.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rhaunen (VG Rhaunen, Birkenfeld district) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c Rhaunen / Hunsrück (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  3. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  4. ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 6, 2020.