Industrial architecture
Industrial architecture is the architecture of buildings in which industrial production and manufacturing processes take place, such as factories and workshops. Since industrialization from the 18th century, these buildings have been an important part of the built environment and are subject to changes in architectural styles . But they are also regarded as pioneers of modern architecture. Formative building types are production halls, heating or ironworks , winding towers , traffic structures - first railways, then motor vehicles - and hydraulic structures such as waterworks and water towers . The industrial and factory architecture as production facilities do not include heating and ironworks, transport structures or waterworks. The latter belong to the infrastructure constructions. As part of industrial culture, industrial architecture is in a larger cultural-historical context.
history
In industrial architecture in the 19th and 20th centuries, the functional needs of large technical systems dominated the architecture. Sometimes, however, representative aspects also play a role. At the same time it shapes the landscape and changes the landscape's aesthetics .
Outstanding examples of developments in Germany are:
- Foundry hall of the Sayner Hütte in Bendorf am Rhein, 1824–1830 by Carl Ludwig Althans
- Ravensberger spinning mill in Bielefeld, 1855–1857
- New construction of the N. Marx & Lippmann spinning mill in Aachen, 1864 by Friedrich Joseph Ark
- Water tower on the Werder in Bremen, 1871–1873 by Johann Georg Poppe
- New buildings for the Schultheiss brewery in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg, 1891 by Franz Schwechten
- Zeche Zollern II / IV in Dortmund-Bövinghausen, 1898–1903 by Paul Knobbe , machine hall 1902–1903 with Art Nouveau decorations based on a design by Bruno Möhring
- Jahrhunderthalle in Bochum, 1902-1903
- Steiff factory building , so-called Osthalle , in Giengen an der Brenz, 1903 (probably by Richard Steiff)
- The factory of Kaffee-HAG at the Holz- und Fabrikenhafen in Bremen, 1906–1907 by Hugo Wagner
- AEG turbine factory in Berlin-Moabit, 1908–1909 by Peter Behrens and engineer Karl Bernhard
- Factory of the Deutsche Werkstätten für Handwerkskunst in Hellerau near Dresden, 1909–1911 by Richard Riemerschmid
- Chemical factory Moritz Milch & Co. in Luban near Posen, 1911–1912 by Hans Poelzig
- Fagus factory in Alfeld an der Leine, 1911–1914 by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer
- Alte Emscher pumping station in Duisburg-Beeck, 1912–1913 by Alfred Fischer
- Carl Zeiss AG high-rise factory building 15 in Jena, 1915 by Friedrich Pützer
- Hat factory Friedrich Steinberg, Herrmann & Co. in Luckenwalde, 1921 by Erich Mendelsohn
- Ernemann tower of Heinrich Ernemann AG in Dresden-Striesen, 1922–1924 by Emil Högg and engineer Richard Müller
- High-rise factory of the weaving mill Cammann & Co. in Chemnitz-Furth, 1924–1926 by Willy Schönefeld
- Brewing tower of the Becker brewery in St. Ingbert, 1925–1928 by Hans Herkommer
- Brewing tower of the Dortmunder Union Brewery , so-called Dortmunder U , in Dortmund, 1926–1927 by engineer Emil Moog
- Extension of the cigarette factory "Haus Neuerburg" in Hamburg-Wandsbek, 1926–1928 by Fritz Höger
- Tower construction of the sewing machine factory Singer & Co. in Wittenberge, 1928 by Felix Ascher
- Großmarkthalle in Frankfurt am Main, 1928 by Martin Elsaesser
- Colliery Zeche Zollverein XII in Essen-Stoppenberg, 1928-1932 by Fritz Schupp and Martin Kremmer
- VERSEIDAG HE building in Krefeld, 1931–1935 by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
- Peenemünde power plant on Usedom, 1943 (probably by Hans Hertlein )
Industrial culture and the city
In the meantime, there is a wide variety of talk of industrial culture , which in museum streets or exhibitions about a region or branch of industry shows its connection with the architectural language of forms. Initially, there was often talk of the destruction or at least sprawl of the landscape as a result of the industrial settlement, but today some companies claim to have a positive impact on the cityscape of their respective location. The Becher couple , known as photographic industrial archaeologists because of their work, speak of the equality of religious architecture of the Middle Ages and industrial architecture.
See also
- Industrial construction
- Industrial monument , industrial archeology , industrial culture
- urbanization
literature
- Sabine von Bebenburg (project leader): Route der Industriekultur Rhein-Main , ed. from "Kulturregion Frankfurt Rhein-Main", Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-7973-0960-0 .
- Florian Böllhoff, Jörg Boström , Bernd Hey (Hrsg.): Industrial architecture in Bielefeld. History and photography. Bielefeld 1986, ISBN 3-9801320-1-3 .
- Tilmann Buddensieg, Henning Rogge, Gabriele Heidecker, Karin Wilhelm, Sabine Bohle, Fritz Neumeyer: Industrial culture. Peter Behrens and the AEG . Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 1979. ISBN 3-7861-1155-3 .
- Rudolf Fischer: Light and Transparency. The factory building and the new building in the architecture journals of the modern age (Volume 2 of the studies on the architecture of the modern and industrial design, edited by the Central Institute for Art History ), Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 2012. ISBN 978-3-7861-2665-2 .
- Hubert Krins ao: bridge, mill and factory. Technical cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg . Theiss, Stuttgart. Vol. 2 Industrial Archeology. Edited by the State Museum for Technology and Work, Mannheim. 1991. ISBN 3-8062-0841-7
- Miron Mislin : Industrial architecture in Berlin 1840–1910. Wasmuth, Tübingen 2002, 460 pp., 554 illustrations, 12 color plates, ISBN 3-8030-0617-1 .
- Ingrid Ostermann: Factory construction and modernity in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s and 30s , Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 2010. ISBN 978-3-7861-2582-2 .
- Kerstin Renz: Industrial architecture in the early 20th century. The office of Philipp Jakob Manz. Deutsche Verlags Anstalt, Munich 2005. ISBN 3-421-03492-3 .
- Tilo Richter, Hans Christian Schink: Industrial architecture in Chemnitz . Edited by German Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig 1995. ISBN 3-930383-10-1 .
- Tilo Richter, Hans Christian Schink: Industrial architecture in Dresden . Edited by German Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig 1997. ISBN 3-378-01019-3 .
- Heß / Guth / Krüger, Hans Christian Schink: Industrial architecture in Leipzig . Edited by German Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig 1998. ISBN 3-378-01022-3 .
- Richard Schindler : Understanding the landscape. Industrial architecture and landscape aesthetics . Modo, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005. ISBN 3-937014-30-6
- Peter Schirmbeck (Ed.): Route of industrial culture. 40 stations between Bingen and Aschaffenburg , Nest, Frankfurt am Main 2003. ISBN 3-925850-47-3
- Markus Otto, Karl Plastrotmann, Lars Scharnholz, Ilija Vukorep: Industrial construction as a resource , Jovis, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3-939633-86-0 .
- Otfried Wagenbreth : History of technology and industrial architecture. Critical comments on the historical treatment of the industrial architecture . In: Technikgeschichte, Vol. 62 (1995), H. 2, pp. 133-146.