Industrial architecture

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Industrial architecture is the architecture of buildings in which industrial production and manufacturing processes take place, such as factories and workshops. Since industrialization from the 18th century, these buildings have been an important part of the built environment and are subject to changes in architectural styles . But they are also regarded as pioneers of modern architecture. Formative building types are production halls, heating or ironworks , winding towers , traffic structures - first railways, then motor vehicles - and hydraulic structures such as waterworks and water towers . The industrial and factory architecture as production facilities do not include heating and ironworks, transport structures or waterworks. The latter belong to the infrastructure constructions. As part of industrial culture, industrial architecture is in a larger cultural-historical context.

history

In industrial architecture in the 19th and 20th centuries, the functional needs of large technical systems dominated the architecture. Sometimes, however, representative aspects also play a role. At the same time it shapes the landscape and changes the landscape's aesthetics .

Outstanding examples of developments in Germany are:

  • Foundry hall of the Sayner Hütte

  • Ravensberger spinning mill

  • N. Marx & Lippmann spinning mill

  • Water tower on the Werder

  • Schultheiß Brewery Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg

  • Workshop construction of the Zeche Zollern II / IV

  • Portal of the machine hall of the Zeche Zollern II / IV as a stamp motif

  • Inside of the Jahrhunderthalle Bochum

  • Steiff East Hall

  • Coffee-HAG factory

  • AEG turbine hall as a stamp motif

  • German workshops for craftsmanship Hellerau

  • Superphosphate store of the Chem. Factory Moritz Milch & Co.

  • Fagus factory

  • Building 15 of the Carl Zeiss AG

  • Dyeing works of the hat factory Steinberg, Herrmann & Co.

  • Ernemann Tower

  • Cammann high-rise

  • Brewing tower of the brewery Gebr. Becker

  • Brewing tower of the Dortmund Union brewery

  • Front of the cigarette factory "Haus Neuerburg"

  • Tower of the sewing machine factory Singer & Co.

  • Interior of the Frankfurt wholesale market hall

  • Zeche Zollverein XII

  • VERSEIDAG HE building

  • Peenemünde power plant

Industrial culture and the city

In the meantime, there is a wide variety of talk of industrial culture , which in museum streets or exhibitions about a region or branch of industry shows its connection with the architectural language of forms. Initially, there was often talk of the destruction or at least sprawl of the landscape as a result of the industrial settlement, but today some companies claim to have a positive impact on the cityscape of their respective location. The Becher couple , known as photographic industrial archaeologists because of their work, speak of the equality of religious architecture of the Middle Ages and industrial architecture.

See also

literature

  • Sabine von Bebenburg (project leader): Route der Industriekultur Rhein-Main , ed. from "Kulturregion Frankfurt Rhein-Main", Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-7973-0960-0 .
  • Florian Böllhoff, Jörg Boström , Bernd Hey (Hrsg.): Industrial architecture in Bielefeld. History and photography. Bielefeld 1986, ISBN 3-9801320-1-3 .
  • Tilmann Buddensieg, Henning Rogge, Gabriele Heidecker, Karin Wilhelm, Sabine Bohle, Fritz Neumeyer: Industrial culture. Peter Behrens and the AEG . Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 1979. ISBN 3-7861-1155-3 .
  • Rudolf Fischer: Light and Transparency. The factory building and the new building in the architecture journals of the modern age (Volume 2 of the studies on the architecture of the modern and industrial design, edited by the Central Institute for Art History ), Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 2012. ISBN 978-3-7861-2665-2 .
  • Hubert Krins ao: bridge, mill and factory. Technical cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg . Theiss, Stuttgart. Vol. 2 Industrial Archeology. Edited by the State Museum for Technology and Work, Mannheim. 1991. ISBN 3-8062-0841-7
  • Miron Mislin : Industrial architecture in Berlin 1840–1910. Wasmuth, Tübingen 2002, 460 pp., 554 illustrations, 12 color plates, ISBN 3-8030-0617-1 .
  • Ingrid Ostermann: Factory construction and modernity in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s and 30s , Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 2010. ISBN 978-3-7861-2582-2 .
  • Kerstin Renz: Industrial architecture in the early 20th century. The office of Philipp Jakob Manz. Deutsche Verlags Anstalt, Munich 2005. ISBN 3-421-03492-3 .
  • Tilo Richter, Hans Christian Schink: Industrial architecture in Chemnitz . Edited by German Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig 1995. ISBN 3-930383-10-1 .
  • Tilo Richter, Hans Christian Schink: Industrial architecture in Dresden . Edited by German Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig 1997. ISBN 3-378-01019-3 .
  • Heß / Guth / Krüger, Hans Christian Schink: Industrial architecture in Leipzig . Edited by German Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig 1998. ISBN 3-378-01022-3 .
  • Richard Schindler : Understanding the landscape. Industrial architecture and landscape aesthetics . Modo, Freiburg im Breisgau 2005. ISBN 3-937014-30-6
  • Peter Schirmbeck (Ed.): Route of industrial culture. 40 stations between Bingen and Aschaffenburg , Nest, Frankfurt am Main 2003. ISBN 3-925850-47-3
  • Markus Otto, Karl Plastrotmann, Lars Scharnholz, Ilija Vukorep: Industrial construction as a resource , Jovis, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3-939633-86-0 .
  • Otfried Wagenbreth : History of technology and industrial architecture. Critical comments on the historical treatment of the industrial architecture . In: Technikgeschichte, Vol. 62 (1995), H. 2, pp. 133-146.