Sayner Hut
The Sayner Hütte is a former iron and steel works in Bendorf . It is located in the Sayn district on the little river of the same name and was built in the years 1769–1770 on behalf of the Trier Elector Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony by the mining inspector ( inspector in the mining industry ) Heinrich Daniel Jacobi , father of Gottlob Jacobi . The entire plant with the historic casting hall (1828–30) including blast furnace and wing structures was shut down in 1926. Today's industrial monument was part of a series of Bendorfer huts and in the 19th century, alongside Berlin and Gleiwitz, it was one of the most important iron foundries in Prussia .
history
From 1778 two blast furnaces, four large and one small hammer were built on the site of the Sayner Hütte. In 1802 the hut fell to the Duchy of Nassau as a state domain . From 1815 to 1865 the Sayner Hütte was in Prussian ownership. Along with the Royal Prussian iron foundry in Berlin and the iron foundry in Gleiwitz , it was the third major smelter that manufactured iron art castings.
The hut consisted of the hut building with two blast furnaces , the molding house, a hammer building with two hammers and fresh fire , a second hammer building with a third hammer and horizontal hammer, various storage buildings and a residential building. About a kilometer above the Sayner hut was the Oberhammer with two fresh fires. All hammers were driven by the water of the Saynbach. Since the entire system was on the slope of the castle hill, the blast furnaces could be loaded from above without a lift. In 1796 Anselm Lossen became head of the hut. Under the direction of the chief smelter construction inspector Franz Moritz from 1815 mainly construction iron and artillery for the Prussian fortresses in the Rhine province were manufactured. In December 1818 Carl Ludwig Althans (1788–1864) took over the management of the ironworks and began producing art castings. In the period that followed, further modifications and extensions were made. In 1818 a clay house was built and in 1824 a cannon boring machine was built on the right bank of the Saynbach. Between 1828 and 1830 the new casting hall with a blast furnace was built, which is still preserved today. It was the first industrial hall to be built with a load-bearing cast iron structure. In 1864 the Mülhofener Hütte was built near the Rhine .
In 1865 the Sayner Hütte, the Mülhofener Hütte and the ore mines in Horhausen were sold to Alfred Krupp . In 1870 a new production hall was built on the site of the Sayner Hütte, but Krupp had the Mülhofener Hütte extended by three blast furnaces and shut down the Sayner blast furnace in 1878. In 1926 the Sayner Hütte was stopped and in 1927 all buildings came into the possession of the city of Bendorf.
In 1976 Heinrich Strüder AG bought the building, which had already been approved for demolition, and received it as a monument. On December 23, 2004, the city of Bendorf acquired the smelter site. Together with the Freundeskreis Sayner Hütte eV, plans are being drawn up for a new use. In 2010 the Federal Chamber of Engineers recognized the Sayner Hütte as a historical landmark of civil engineering in Germany .
At the beginning of 2011, three ministries of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate agreed to support the preservation and operation of the monument with 3.8 million euros. By 2014 the Sayner hut was renovated in an exemplary manner.
The casting house
The casting hall, which was built from prefabricated cast iron components between 1828 and 1830, is today a European industrial monument , which was awarded the title of "Historic Landmark of Civil Engineering" in a ceremony on August 27, 2010. It resembles a three-aisled basilica with a raised central building. The original hall with 24 × 29 meters and six bays was enlarged by four bays to 43.30 meters in 1844. The entire structure is made of cast iron. The 6.5 meter high columns with Doric capitals carry the cast-iron lengthways and cross girders and the crosswise arched girders carry the roofs of the aisles. A transport level runs through the entire hall, which is suspended from the girders in the upper aisle . It was connected to the casting level and the blast furnace via stairs. In the apse of the hall stood the blast furnace, which was fed from the slope, and two flame furnaces. The smoke was vented through the glazed upper aisles in the central nave. The cast parts could be transported into the aisles with eight jib cranes attached to the round pillars. A glass wall with iron ribs in the central nave and pointed arches in the aisles formed the front end of the casting hall. In 1844, around 170 workers were employed in addition to the four Prussian steelworkers. The hut consisted of two blast furnaces, four flame and cupola furnaces each , three cylinder blowers , a drilling, turning and grinding mill and various ancillary buildings. All machines were powered by water power. After the hut was closed, the industrial buildings began to deteriorate, even though they had already been placed under monument protection by the Rhine Province in 1929. A brick hall built in front of the casting hall instead of the former glass facade was demolished during this time.
After the Second World War, the decline progressed so far that by 1970 demolition seemed inevitable. The first steps to maintain the casting hall began in 1976 by the then owner Heinrich Strüder. In the years 1978–1979 the reconstruction of the great western front could be carried out. After that, the upper and side parts of the building were secured in the 1980s. After the hut returned to the ownership of the city of Bendorf, a large-scale renovation and renovation began in 2012 with funds from the city, state and federal government with the aim of using the industrial monument as a museum and as an event hall. Despite further renovations to the blast furnace section, the casting hall has been used culturally for several years. [obsolete] The completion of the blast furnace staging should be finished in 2019.
The Krupp'sche Halle
After Alfred Krupp, Essen, took over Sayner Hütte, various new buildings and workshops were built. The only distinctive building that remained was the Krupp'sche Halle. This building, erected in 1908/1909, was used for the machining of iron castings and, in conjunction with the other parts of the factory, for the manufacture and processing of iron and steel end products. After the hut was closed, the brick building was used as a warehouse, workshop and office by the tenants for many years. After extensive restoration since the end of 2015, the Kruppsche Halle was opened to visitors on April 28, 2017 and has since served as a visitor center for the monument area and as an exhibition and event hall.
Iron processing in Sayn
The iron made in the Sayner Hütte was partly processed directly in Sayn. The Koblenz iron merchant Franz Sebastian Menn built a steel goods factory in Sayn at the beginning of 1830, in which he processed the Sayner iron according to the wishes of his customers. In 1834 Menn returned to Koblenz and in 1834 his work was sold to the Vallendar d'Ester family . D'Ester was one of the most important leather manufacturers in the Rhineland. In 1835 Joseph d'Ester took over the management of the plant.
With the support of the Sayner Hüttenirektor Althans, a machine factory and foundry shop was built. In 1836 750 tons of iron were processed into ornate ovens and machine systems, in 1840 44 people were employed, but production sank to 350 tons. In 1839 the management passed to Ferdinand Freiherr von Bleul, a cousin of Joseph d'Esters.
In 1839 a new factory building was built, which still exists today. There were steam engines made of high quality. Other products included clay presses , wine presses and utensils made of cast iron such as railings, garden benches and grave monuments. A steam ferry was built for the Neuwied Bridge Society, which was named Neuwied in 1860 .
1850 was a Betriebskrankenkasse founded. In July 1872 the factory was sold to Alfred Krupp . Mine pumps and mine cars were built there until 1907 . From 1909 the house was used as a recreation house for Krupp employees. Today the former factory is owned by the city of Bendorf and serves as a tenement house.
Monument protection
The Sayner Hut is a protected cultural monument according to the Monument Protection Act (DSchG) and entered in the list of monuments of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate . It is located in Bendorf in the Sayner Hütte monument zone . In 2012, the state of Rhineland-Palatinate also applied for inclusion in the national tentative list so that the Sayner Hut can be registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
Furthermore, the Sayner Hütte is a protected cultural asset according to the Hague Convention and is marked with the blue and white trademark.
See also
- List of steelworks in Germany
- List of technical monuments in Germany
- Rheinisches Eisenkunstguss-Museum
literature
- Sayner Hütte: Images of the cast iron goods from the royal iron foundry in Saynerhütte. First issue. Weber, Bonn 1823 ( dilibri ).
- Paul-Georg Custodis: The Sayner hut (= historical landmark of civil engineering in Germany. Vol. 5). 2nd Edition. Federal Chamber of Engineers, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-941867-05-5 .
- Friends of Sayn Abbey (publisher): Sayner Hut. Architecture, cast iron, work and life. Görres, Koblenz 2002, ISBN 3-935690-12-6 .
- Friedegard Hürter: Cast a house for yourself. In: Monuments. Magazine for monument culture in Germany. 22 vol., No. 2, 2012, ISSN 0941-7125 , pp. 62-66.
- Georg Küffner: A Gothic church served as a model. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of September 7, 2010, p. T 7.
Web links
- Sayner Hut Foundation
- Literature by and about Sayner Hütte in the catalog of the German National Library
- Sayner Hut at Wahrzeichen.ingenieurbaukunst.de
- Friends of the Sayner Hut
- Sayner Hütte, Bendorfer story
- Casting yourself a house , in: Monuments Online 1.2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of February 3, 2011, p. 34: Industriebasilika .
- ^ Andreas Rossmann : Where Krupp finds ore and relaxation. The Sayner Hütte industrial monument has been restored: The first exhibition highlights the importance of the location for the up-and-coming Krupp Group . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of August 17, 2015, p. 12.
- ↑ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments in the Mayen-Koblenz district (PDF; 1.7 MB), Koblenz 2013.
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Site - Triassic Romanesque Dome on the Rhine and Sayner Hut are now officially in the running ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: Ministry for Education, Science, Further Education and Culture Rhineland-Palatinate, August 1, 2012
- ↑ The Sayner Hütte gets the chance to be named a Unesco World Heritage Site in: Rhein-Zeitung , January 10, 2014
Coordinates: 50 ° 26 '26.1 " N , 7 ° 34' 50.3" E