Sayn
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Sayn
Association-free city of Bendorf
Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 18 ″ N , 7 ° 34 ′ 37 ″ E
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| Height : | 76 m above sea level NHN | |
| Residents : | 4671 (2010) | |
| Incorporation : | October 1, 1928 | |
| Postal code : | 56170 | |
| Area code : | 02622 | |
Location of Sayn in Rhineland-Palatinate |
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 Sayn on the edge of the Westerwald
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Sayn (dialect: Sään) was an independent municipality until 1928 and since then has been a district of the association-free city of Bendorf in the district of Mayen-Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate .
geography
Sayn is located on the foothills of the Westerwald , between Koblenz and Neuwied , about twelve kilometers north of Koblenz on the edge of the Neuwied basin . The place is crossed by two streams: Sayn and Brex . The Brexbach unites in the castle park with the Saynbach, which flows into the Rhine near Bendorf .
history
Sayn's history is closely linked to the Counts of Sayn, the ancestors of today's Princely House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn . Excavations on the castle hill revealed that the place was already settled in the Bronze Age (2200 to 800 BC).
The Counts of Sayn with the brothers Heinrich I and Eberhard I are mentioned for the first time in 1139. A little later, the county of Bonn , which was acquired through marriage, is said to have caused violent arguments with Arnold von Wied , the archbishop of Cologne . Their old castle was destroyed, at least in part, and in 1152 made a fiefdom to the Archbishop of Trier to protect against future attacks . Immediately afterwards the construction of a new castle began. From Sayn was in the 13th century under Count Heinrich III. , the great von Sayn, and his wife Mechthild von Landsberg ruled a county that ranged with their possessions from the central Moselle to the Westerwald and from the Lahn to the Bonn-Cologne area. When Heinrich III. died childless in 1247, the county fell to his sister's son, Count Johann von Sponheim , whose descendants in turn called themselves Count von Sayn. A younger line, initially living in the Vallendarer Marienburg, ruled the county of Wittgenstein, acquired through marriage, with residences in Berleburg and Laasphe from 1345 .
In 1606, Heinrich IV., The ruling older line of the male line in Sayn, died out. The castle in Sayn was then withdrawn from Kurtrier as a completed man's fief against the protest of the Sayn-Wittgenstein relatives who were entitled to inherit.
In 1632, during the Thirty Years' War , Sayn Castle was destroyed by the Swedes . Even if its ancestral seat was robbed, the county of Sayn with its Westerwald territory and the cities of Hachenburg , Altenkirchen and Bendorf remained until the end of the 18th century.
Sights and culture / Kulturpark Sayn
Sayn Castle
The Sayn Castle was built in the 12th century by the Counts of Sayn ( comites de Seyne built) on the spur of the sweeping mountain. On the western slope below Sayn Castle, the houses of the Burgmannen and Ministeriales, Burghaus “von Reiffenberg” (15th century) and Burghaus “von Stein” (14th century) were built. Another castle man's seat "von Wentz" was located on the site of today's castle. All castle houses, as well as the old town of Sayn, south of the castle, were surrounded by a massive wall and protected by castle and city gates. After the death of Count Heinrich IV in 1606, the castle complex was forcibly taken by the Archbishopric of Trier as a settled fiefdom. During the Thirty Years War, the castle and town suffered great devastation from the Swedish troops. The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss brought the ruins into the possession of the Nassau Princely House in 1803 and in 1815 they were added to Prussia. With a gift from the Prussian king to Prince Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, who had returned from Russia, the castle complex came back into the possession of a sideline of the old Saynian nobility. In the 1980s, the current owner, Prince Alexander zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, had the ruins secured and partially renovated. The foundation walls of a castle chapel in the form of a double church with three apses that were discovered during the renovation work are remarkable.
Sayn Castle
Sayn Castle, located at the foot of the Burgberg, has its origins in the 14th century as a Burgmannenhaus. After 1753 it was converted into a baroque mansion by the then owner. The gate tower was also given a baroque roof dome. When Prince Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and his Russian wife Leonilla returned from Russia to the family's old homeland in 1848, he bought parts of his ancestors' property including the baroque mansion and let François Joseph Girard turn it into a castle in the style of the Redesign neo-Gothic . In 1945 it was severely damaged when the Brexbach Bridge was blown up and fell into disrepair. As a “monument of national importance”, the castle was renovated and revitalized by its owner in the years 1995-2000 with grants from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. In the core area of the building are the princely salons and the princess room with pictures and testimonies of the family history of those zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. Special exhibitions, cultural events and celebrations take place in these as well as in other historical rooms. A restaurant is located in the west or park wing of the palace. The castle is also home to the Rhenish Museum of Iron Art.
Castle chapel
On the east side of the palace, Prince Ludwig and Princess Leonilla zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn had the palace chapel built by the Koblenz architect Hermann Nebel . It was supposed to be used as a house chapel and as a repository for the arm relic of St. John, donated a few years earlier by Count Boos-Waldeck. Elisabeth of Thuringia serve. To store this precious medieval reliquary, an arm raised in blessing, the Golden Altar was specially made in a Paris workshop. The grave chapel of the princely family is located under this Gothic-style chapel. In addition to Princess Leonilla, who died at the age of 102, the father of today's Prince, Prince Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, also found his final resting place here. Services are regularly held in the chapel.
Castle Park
In connection with the reconstruction of the palace, Prince Ludwig had the then well-known horticultural artists Heinrich Siesmayer and Carl Friedrich Thielemann create a 7 hectare park in the English style. A smaller, baroque park was included, of which individual trees still bear testimony today. Flowing through the Brexbach , the park is bordered on the north side by the Saynbach. The fountain in the castle pond and the two fountains on the castle stairs were originally fed from a reservoir on the castle hill. For this purpose, the water was pumped from a cistern under the castle to the upper container using a steam engine. The design of the park includes an artificial grotto, a Marienkapelle and a three-winged pavilion (today a ruin) as well as fourteen stations of the cross made of cast iron . Since 1987 the "Garden of Butterflies Schloss Sayn" has also been located in the castle park.
Garden of the Butterflies Sayn Castle
In the Butterfly Garden , initiated by Princess Gabriela zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, hundreds of exotic butterflies can be viewed in the midst of tropical plants. Butterflies from America, Africa and Asia live between orchids, banana trees, waterfalls and small ponds. B. the atlas spinner , de blue morpho butterflies or Chinese dwarf quail as well as tropical finches and iguanas. Changing special exhibitions take place in the pavilion of the butterfly house. Large pictures with butterfly motifs, created by national and international artists and students, are painted on many house facades in the village.
Rheinisches Eisenkunstgussmuseum
In the Rheinisches Eisenkunstguss-Museum on the grounds of the Sayner Hütte, domestic iron ore mining, smelting and processing are shown in pictures and with exhibits. The focus of the collection is on cast iron and iron art cast products from the nearby Sayner Hütte . Utensils made from cast iron such as ovens, furniture, cookware, latticework, but also filigree cast pieces of jewelry such as neck and arm jewelry, tobacco boxes, candlesticks up to a cast iron housefly in original size show the skill of the molding and casting technology of the 18th and 19th centuries 19th century. Pictures and pieces of the Mühlhofener Hütte on the Rhine and the Concordiahütte represent industrial progress up to the end of iron and steel processing on the Middle Rhine in the 20th century. A special topic is the documentation of the barren world of ironworkers and their families at the time of early industrialization . Special exhibitions and museum theaters complement and complete the permanent exhibition.
Sayner Hut
In 1769 the Trier elector Clemens Wenzeslaus had the first ironworks built in Sayn . Abundant iron ore deposits, a lot of forest and the usable water of the Saynbach offered favorable conditions for iron smelting. As early as 1815, the hut was owned by Prussia; the nearby Rhine fortresses were to be equipped with cannons and weapons. In the years 1828 to 1830, Carl Ludwig Althans had a new casting hall built. The three-aisled building was created in a filigree cast iron structure - "... a hut that cast itself". Inside, the construction is supported by cast hollow columns with Doric capitals. In the apse of the nave is the blast furnace, which has now been partially reconstructed. At the same time as this building, Althans began with the production of iron art castings for everyday objects, grave crosses, fountains and delicate jewelry. Various exhibits and sample books are shown in the Rheinisches Eisenkunstgussmuseum. In 1865 the company Krupp , Essen, bought the iron and steel works and stopped operating the blast furnace a little later. Another hall was built for iron processing - the Krupp'sche Hall. Due to the unfavorable location in relation to the industrial centers that had been created, the ironworks were completely shut down in 1926. The old casting hall is a protected industrial monument of European importance and is now owned by the city of Bendorf.
Sayn Abbey
The Abbey Sayn has donated a former Premonstratensian, the Count Heinrich II. Von Sayn and his family in 1200. The consecration of the abbey took place in May 1202. In the course of secularization , the convent was abolished in 1803 and the monastery property was expropriated. Since then, the abbey church has served the Catholic parish of Sayn as the parish church. The west wing and the prelature built in 1718 have been preserved from the former convent and farm buildings. In addition to the church building, the Romanesque west wing of the cloister, the exterior paintings on the north wall of the church as well as the baptismal font (in the entrance area of the church) and the fountain in the fountain house of the cloister date from the founding time (around 1250). An arm relic of the apostle Simon (Zelotes) is kept in the altar . The reliquary also dates from the first half of the 13th century and is considered one of the most important goldsmiths' works of religious art of the High Middle Ages. The two-manual organ with a baroque organ front was made in 1778 in the organ building workshop of the Stumm brothers from Sulzbach in the Hunsrück.
Roman tower
The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes ran through the Bendorf and Sayn districts around 1900 years ago . Watchtowers served to protect this Roman border. The reconstruction of such a watchtower and the palisade fence is within sight of Sayn on the slope of the powder mountain. The Rheinsteig long-distance hiking trail runs along the Römerturm .
Hein's mill
South across from Sayn Castle in the Brextal near Sayn (but outside the old castle and city walls) is the water-powered Hein's Mühle . Built between 1550 and 1600 by Freiherr von Wentz (Burgmann family) as an oil mill, it experienced an eventful history. Used as a tobacco mill for several years, it was converted into a grain mill in 1816 and after several changes of ownership, Paul Hein gave it its current appearance after 1898. Until 1960 it operated the master baker Geisbüsch as a grain mill. With the purchase of the listed mill by the city of Bendorf and the use of voluntary helpers, it was saved from deterioration and has been a mill museum since 1988.
sport and freetime
Climbing forest
In the former monastery forest behind Sayn Abbey in Brexbachtal, the Sayn climbing forest was set up, a high ropes course integrated into a living tree population . It offers individual courses made of ropes and obstacles. The forest of the complex belongs to one of the highest mixed forests in Germany.
outdoor pool
As early as 1927 it was decided to build an outdoor swimming pool in Sayn. Thanks to donations, the swimming pool could be built and inaugurated on June 29, 1931. Already in the first few years it enjoyed great popularity. B. 1992 - the swimming pool counted approx. 58,000 visitors.
Biking and hiking trails
The German Limes Cycle Path runs through the district of Sayn . This leads over 818 km from Bad Hönningen on the Rhine to Regensburg on the Danube . Great hiking trails in Sayn are Saynsteig and the long-distance hiking Rheinsteig (both called. Songlines ). The “Jedem Sayn Tal” cycling day takes place once a year. For this, the Sayntal from Sayn to Selters is closed to all motorized vehicles for one day .
Club life
Active clubs and groups
Sayn has a lively club life, including the men's choir MGV 1862 Sayn e. V., the gymnastics club TV-1876 Sayn e. V. and the sports club SV Blau-Weiß 1911 Sayn e. V.
Regular festivals and events
The local associations are the sponsors and organizers of numerous festivals and events, including the carnival meeting and street carnival, the parish fair (Sääner Kermes) on the 4th Sunday after Easter, the summer concert of the Sayn music association or the Pius or parish festival.
Religions
Christian religions
In the second half of the 16th century, the Counts of Sayn and with them the population converted to the Reformed faith. Both denominations held their services in the abbey church. After the death of the last Protestant Count Heinrich IV von Sayn in 1606, the majority of the residents became Catholic again due to the influence of Kurtrier. In the course of industrialization, the number of Protestant Christians increased in the 19th century. While the Catholic population has had their own parish in Sayn since 1202, the Protestant Christians belong to the Bendorfer community and celebrate their services there. For the predominantly Catholic population, services are regularly held in the abbey church, the castle chapel and the St. Sebastianus chapel (plague chapel).
Jewish religion
Jewish residents are mentioned as early as the Middle Ages. At the beginning of the 20th century, their share was 5% of the population. The synagogue in Bendorf was the center of the Jewish community. Almost all members of the community, like the patients and the Jewish staff of the Jacoby'schen Heil- und Pflegeanstalt in Sayn, were deported during the Holocaust and murdered in the extermination camps (over 500 people). Above the village is the Jewish cemetery, which was laid out after 1723 . The citizens of Israelite faith living in Sayn today belong to the Jewish community in Koblenz.
Stolpersteine were first laid in Sayn in 2016. They should also remember the victims of the Jacoby institute.
Islam
The Muslim fellow citizens are members of different mosque communities in Mülhofen, Bendorf and Koblenz.
Economy and Infrastructure
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Sayn was shaped industrially by the Sayner Hütte and the ironworks in Mülhofen, which then belonged to Sayn. At that time, the place was a leader in iron casting and iron processing on the Middle Rhine. At the beginning of the 20th century the recreational value of the place and the surrounding natural landscape was discovered. Krupp Essen sent its employees to the emerging climatic health resort (Krupp'sches Erholungsheim) to regenerate. After the decline of the iron processing industry and the closure of the smelters from 1926 to 1993, various small and medium-sized businesses emerged. The main sources of income for the population today are industrial and service companies, government agencies and offices in the surrounding towns as far as Koblenz and Neuwied.
At the end of the 20th century, the importance of the existing cultural assets and nature was recognized, also for tourism. Since then, the city of Bendorf, the state of Rhineland-Palatinate and several cultural foundations have been investing in the preservation and renovation of these monuments. Thousands of tourists visit the place and its sights every year.
Demographics
The population of 1817 refers to the gazette of the official gazette of the royal government of Koblenz; the values from 1871 to 1987 are based on censuses.
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Industrialization led to a significant increase in the population in the 19th century. The Sayner Hütte, owned by the Prussian state since 1815, has been expanded and modernized. A steel goods factory and later machine factory as well as the expansion of the Bendorfer and Mülhofen smelters and the new construction of the Concordia smelter led to a considerable demand for workers. This was accompanied by the expansion of railway lines and industrial railways as well as the expansion and construction of the necessary road network in order to create the necessary infrastructure for the population.
The increase in the number of inhabitants after the Second World War is due to both the up-and-coming economy in the area around Sayn and the influx of refugees from eastern Germany.
Others
Rivalries between neighboring towns, mostly fueled by young people, led to mutual derogatory denominations by the citizens of the neighboring communities. The inhabitants of Sayn, probably in the 19th century, were given the nickname Sääner Bawesläwer ( Sayn barefoot walkers) . The name is said to have come about because a large part of the population was poor despite hard work and had so little money that many children had to run barefoot. According to tradition, every year on St. Martin's Day the princely family gave them a pair of shoes. The Baweslawer fountain in the figure of a boy running barefoot has been a reminder of this time since 1984. The fountain was poured in the former art foundry Schmidt and Wahl. The Sayner people obviously wear the nickname with a certain pride, because in the middle of the 20th century, the abbreviation of the SÄäner BAwesLÄwer became the carnival battle cry SÄBALÄ (like Alaaf in Cologne or Helau in Mainz), and the irregularly published information sheet of the Sayner Heimatfreunde association also holds the title of Dä Bawesläwer .
Personalities
- Zilies von Sayn († 1300) traveling singer
- Father Tilmann Baldems OPraem (* in Sayn, † 1666), pastor in Sayn, was the last to die as a result of the devastating plague epidemic
- Ernst Friedrich Althans (1828–1899), born in the district of Sayn, Prussian secret mountain ridge
- Karl Haehser (1928–2012), born in the Sayn district, German politician
- Manfred Pohlmann (* 1955), spent his childhood in Sayn, a German songwriter
literature
- Jens Friedhoff : Hachenburg, Blankenberg and Sayn. Castles, cities and valley settlements as the centers of power for the Counts of Sayn , in: Nassauische Annalen , Vol. 125 (2014), pp. 67-106.
- Martina Junghans: The arm reliquaries in Germany from the 11th to the middle of the 13th century , Dissertation Bonn 2002, cat. 31.
- Sayner Hut. Architecture, cast iron, work and life. Contributions by Paul-Georg Custodis, Barbara Friedhofen, Dietrich Schabow. Publisher: Förderkreis Abtei Sayn, Koblenz, Görres Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-935690-12-6 .
- SaynerZeit 1941–1961 , 140 photos and text based on stories by Princess Marianne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, Kulturverlag Polzer, Salzburg, 2006, ISBN 3-9501388-1-1 .
- Heiderose Engelhardt: Schloss and Burg Sayn , DKV art guide No. 637, Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2006, 32 pages, ISBN 3-422-02031-4 . English edition: Sayn Palace and Castle , ISBN 3-422-02032-2 .
- Ludwig Tavernier: Das Fürstliches Haus Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn , The Sayner Princes from Field Marshal Peter to the present day, Börde Verlag, 2002, 36 pages, ISBN 3-9807740-3-1 .
- Franz Hermann Kemp, Dietrich Schabow: Sayn Abbey. On the 800-year history of the former Premonstratensian Abbey, Görres Verlag, 2002, 244 pages, richly illustrated, ISBN 3-935690-03-7 .
- Die Fürsten zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn from the House of Sponheim , The history of the Sayner Princely House, supplemented with a collection of genealogical data and family trees, Ed. Freundeskreis Sponheim eV, 2003
- Countess Mechthild von Sayn, Thomas Bohn: A study on Rhenish history and culture. Böhlau Verlag, 2002, 772 pages, ISBN 3-412-10901-0 .
Web links
- Sayn
- Literature about Sayn in the Rhineland-Palatinate State Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rhein-Zeitung No. 180 of August 5, 2017, p. 18, information from Prince Alexander zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn
- ↑ From 2000 to 2019 the museum was set up in the rooms of the Sayner Castle. See the website of the Rheinisches Eisenkunstguss-Museum . Retrieved February 29, 2020.
- ↑ Joachim J. Half Can: The older Counts of Sayn. 1997, Chapter B.III.2.
- ↑ Document book on the history of the Middle Rhine territories now forming the Prussian administrative districts of Coblenz and Trier. Volume 2: Heinrich Beyer , Leopold Eltester , Adam Goerz: From the years 1169 to 1212. Hölscher, Koblenz 1865, p. 237 f., No. 201 .
- ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 334, 355, p. 76.
- ↑ History on heins-mühle.de, accessed on 16 August 2017th
- ↑ Local newspaper Blick aktuell . Retrieved July 6, 2019.
- ↑ Biography Zilies of Seine on deutsche-Biographie.de, accessed on July 8 2017th
