Sayn Abbey
| Sayn Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms of the abbey |
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| location | Bendorf- Sayn in Rhineland-Palatinate |
| Lies in the diocese | trier |
| Coordinates: | 50 ° 26 '17.9 " N , 7 ° 35' 9.3" E |
| Patronage | Assumption of Mary and St. John the Evangelist |
| founding year | 1202 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1803 |
| Year of repopulation | 2007 by the Premonstratensian Tertiary |
| Mother monastery | Steinfeld Tertiary Abbey : Hamborn Abbey |
| Congregation | Premonstratensians |
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Daughter monasteries |
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The Abbey Sayn (abbatia Saynensis) is a former Premonstratensian in Bendorf-Sayn on the edge of Neuwied Basin , east of the Rhine between Neuwied and Koblenz area. It was founded in 1200 by Count Heinrich II from Sayn and settled by Premonstratensian Canons of the Steinfeld Monastery . In May of the year 1202 the solemn consecration of the abbey church took place by the papal legate Guido von Praeneste.
The dissolution took place in June 1803 as a result of the Reichsdeputation Hauptschluss . Since then, the abbey church , which is now under the patronage of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate , has served as the parish church of the Roman Catholic parish of Sayn in the Bendorf parish community .
history
With the hope of eternal retribution from beyond (ob spem retributionis aeternae) , in order to equip the County of Sayn with its own spiritual center based on the example of other Rhenish aristocratic families and with the intention of creating a worthy burial place for his own family, Count Heinrich II. and his brothers Eberhard II, Gerlach and Bruno, to found a monastery. The location for this foundation was set in the Brexbachtal above the village of Sayn and within sight and under the protection of its own castle, the place next to the existing Nikolauskapelle. To settle the monastery, it was decided in favor of the canons of the Premonstratensian Order, with whom contacts were already in place via the Eifelkloster Steinfeld. According to internal traditions in the monastery, Count Heinrich II is said to have asked in Steinfeld in 1200 to send a convent . Construction probably began before 1195. The short geographical distance between the new abbey and the existing Rommersdorf abbey contradicted the premonstratensic rules and actually led to minor conflicts in the first few years, which are, however, resolved in negotiations with the Trier archbishop and the responsible mother abbeys could.
In May of the year 1202 (different documents indicate May 12 and May 19, 1202) the abbey church was solemnly celebrated by the papal legate Guido von Praeneste in the presence of the Trier Archbishop and Elector Johann I , other church dignitaries and members of the count family consecrated. The founder, Count Heinrich II. Died at the beginning of February 1202, so that the brother Eberhard II. And the still young son of the founder, Heinrich III. who ran family. Through donations and allodies they gave the Convention the necessary economic basis. According to church law, the pastoral care of the newly founded parish of Sayn was transferred to the abbey. The residents of the valley and the castle had previously belonged to the parish of Engers, whose pastor Bruno von Sayn (brother of the founder, cathedral provost in Cologne, provost in Bonn and Koblenz St. Castor, later archbishop of Cologne) was also the pastor of the Nikolauskapelle in Sayn was.
The first superiors of the young abbey called themselves provosts and were under the supervision of the abbot von Steinfeld. Only the third head of the monastery is attested in documents with the title of abbot. Accordingly, the monastery was raised to an independent abbey in 1228. Already 50 years after the inauguration, the church building could be extended by three yokes . The basis for this was a developing pilgrimage culture, brought about by the arm relic of St. Apostle Simon Zelotes , which was exhibited for veneration from 1212 and attracted numerous pious pilgrims. Donations and foundations, letters of approval and protection from ecclesiastical and secular authorities and a large number of those who were accepted into the fraternity or house community and convent made the abbey grow in economic and religious importance. In 1275, Archbishop Heinrich of Trier transferred the supervision of the Premonstratensian convent Engelport (Angelica Porta) southeast of Cochem to the young Sayn Abbey . The Abbey of Sayn achieved supra-regional importance under its Abbot Johann von Berka between 1465 and 1500. Abbot Johann sat down a. a. strongly for the premonstratensic reform of the German and Dutch monasteries of the order and for the restoration of discipline abiding by the rules. At that time Sayn was considered a role model in terms of morals and order for the other monasteries.
With the next abbot, Levin von Gouda, mismanagement, abuse of office and embezzlement of the monastery property began. Moral and economic decline of the abbey was foreseeable. Under the succeeding rulers, the abbey recovered slightly. This upswing was interrupted by Count Heinrich IV von Sayn's conversion to the new apprenticeship. The church treasure had to be moved to Sayn Castle “for greater security” and has since disappeared. The St. Nicholas Chapel, which is structurally connected to the nave , claimed the new Protestant community and the Protestant preacher received salary, accommodation and food from the monastery. In the years that followed, the chapel, threatened by dilapidation, was neglected by the preachers and the evangelical community, making it unusable. The count forced the abbot to share the convent church with the Protestant community - the convention had to be limited to the choir . At the same time there was a religious, moral and economic decline in the premonstratensian community.
In this time of need, Count Heinrich IV. , The oppressor of the abbey, died in January 1606 without male descendants. As a result, the Archbishop of Trier Lothar von Metternich immediately forcibly took possession of Sayn Castle as a man's fief. This ended the looting of the monastery and the population returned to the original belief. A slow and arduous ascent of the abbey began. The Thirty Years' War and the plague epidemics of that time did not leave the monastery unaffected. Only the abbots Adolph Gülich (represented in the last years of his tenure by abbot coadjutor and later abbot Adam Schmitz) and Engelbert Colendal were able to bring about a new bloom for the abbey. During the latter, there was a lot of renovation and construction activity. The furnishings of the church were changed to Baroque style and the prelature was built. He obtained the permanent right to wear a miter for himself and his successors .
The next crisis hit the monastery through no fault of its own; the billeting of soldiers from the coalition wars in the 1790s led to looting and severe damage to buildings and inventory.
In 1803 the abbey, like almost all monasteries in Germany, was dissolved and the estates and lands assigned to Prince Friedrich August von Nassau . The canons had to leave the abbey, and the abbot Bartholomäus Reinhard was entrusted with pastoral care. Brother Hermann Schmalenbach von Sayn took over the position of a local chaplain at the chapel of Sayn Castle , and with his death in 1830 the era of the white order in Sayn ended - until 2004.
The deed of foundation of 1202 contained the requirement that the abbey church also be made available as a parish church. This resulted in the obligation to keep the church and rectory of the parish for those who followed. In 1815 the church patronage passed to Prussia and in 1946 to the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. From 1824 part of the monastery building became a school building. Since 2004 a member of the Premonstratensian Order has been active as a pastor in Sayn.
building
As was customary for many centuries, the abbey buildings were built according to a plan that was first recorded in the St. Gallen monastery plan . In addition to the Rhenish building tradition, a strong reference to the mother monastery Steinfeld can be seen in Sayn, but adapted to the local conditions. The St. Nicholas chapel, which was already used as a branch church of the parish of Engers, was connected to the monastery church by large arched openings in the north wall. As a result of this and the limited space available on the mountain slope to the south, the church was designed with a single nave and the northern wing of the cloister was added along the south side of the nave. The cloister as the geographical center of the monastery connected the church with the convent buildings, chapter house and refectory . Abbey buildings were attached to the east wing of the cloister, which had direct access to the church and, together with the southern buildings, reached up to the mountainside. The western building, probably designed as a residential and convent building in the early days, closed off the square of the cloister with the west wing. Only the western part of the building has been preserved to this day, protected by the convent building. The other parts of the cloister, like the monastery buildings to the east and south, could not be saved from decay and demolition. Remnants of buildings and references to floor plans and use were buried through the protruding mountainside at the latest with the construction of the Brexbachtal Railway at the end of the 19th century. The farm buildings to the south and south-west also fell to this fate.
The church itself has undergone various changes over the centuries: The massive crossing tower and the north transept with the transept chapels became dilapidated and had to be demolished. A massive bell tower and an additional support were erected to secure the remaining building. The St. Nicholas Chapel had already disintegrated and the arches leading to the church had been closed.
The convent building was given its current appearance in the early 18th century, and the prelature to the southwest was built at the same time.
church
The start of construction of the church could be determined by dendrochronological investigations on a scaffolding timber to before 1195. By 1202, the construction of the church had evidently progressed so far that the ordinations could be carried out.
The church building is originally a cross-shaped hall church in Romanesque style . The first floor plan was in the form of a Greek cross with a square crossing and two transverse arms as well as a slightly elongated yoke in the nave. The eastern nave was extended by a semicircular apse and thus formed the choir . At both transepts there were two transept chapels, one or both of which were probably used as a sacristy . The longitudinal bays received two arched windows in their side walls; the transepts each had an arched window for each outer wall. All windows are located in the upper third of the walls in accordance with the Romanesque construction. A massive bell tower with three acoustic arcades on each side stood above the crossing, the inner dome of which is still preserved.
In the following years, more buildings of the monastery complex were built, and only around the year 1255 - also proven here on scaffolding wood - the next major construction phase on the church can be determined. During these years the ship was extended to the west by three additional yokes . In two of these yokes, the St. Nicholas Chapel, which stands immediately next to it, was spatially attached to the northern wall by means of large dividing arches , so that the impression of the multi-aisle structure was created here. In addition, these yokes were given windows in the north wall, which were already somewhat slimmer and provided with pointed arches, and were arranged in groups of three. The south wall was provided with seven-part fan windows in the new yokes, which were built very high because of the cloister. At least in the three new bays, the ceiling was designed as a flat wooden beam ceiling, which is confirmed by wall frieze paintings on the upper wall in the inner roof area. The west facade also hints at the first Gothic influences through the slightly pointed arched windows and the eight-pass , which came into their own here much later than in the cities.
The next major construction phase began around 1450. At that time, the Romanesque apse was torn down and replaced by a new Gothic building, which is a 6/8 octagon in plan and spanned by a seven-part rib construction. The adjoining choir bay was divided and adapted to the new part with two bays with ribbed vaults . At that time, the abbey had reached its peak economically and structurally.
The moral, religious and economic decline of the abbey also left its mark on the church building; the crumbling Nikolauskapelle was just the beginning. The north transept and the transept chapels became dilapidated and in ruins. As a result, the massive crossing tower showed structural damage. However, the slow upswing that began only allowed the damage to be repaired in a makeshift manner over the years. Only Abbot Colendal was able to take action and tried to save the tower by having a support strut attached to the north wall. With further measures he brought the church back into a usable condition. Due to the loss of the northern transept, the stability of the crossing tower was further impaired, and it was decided to demolish it and build a new tower with the help of the people of Sayn. This tower was built from 1731 to 1733 as a very solid support on the north wall and, according to the time, was given a baroque, but still simple, hood. Sound arcades taken over from the old tower were built into the new tower on all four sides.
Various construction measures, such as B. Elevation of the choir under Abbot Colendal, later elevation of the entire church floor, etc. can be recorded until the 19th century. In the 19th century the four west bays and the transept were provided with Rabitz vaults. The church building received its current appearance through the historically and structurally correct restoration work, which began with excavations in the 1980s and was completed in 2015 with the plastering and painting of the west facade and the north wall.
Convention and farm buildings
There are no documents whatsoever about the original convent and farm buildings, which were essentially connected to the east and south wings of the cloister. However, two infirmaries are mentioned here in 1270. A picture from the middle of the 17th century shows the buildings adjoining the south transept and reaching up to the mountainside, which reached the height of the gable of the church. These buildings are likely to originate from the first two construction phases up to 1270. In the right corner of the south transept and in the south wall of a transept chapel there are stairs that lead to the upper floors of this part of the monastery. Originally, the dormitory , refectory and chapter house, the latter with direct access to the cloister, are to be assumed in these areas . The smaller building, which runs along the cloister to the west, was originally used more to accommodate guests.
Under Abbot Gülich, this building was extended by a small tower on the southwest corner, in which the abbot lived. The building was probably only expanded under Abbot Colendal to the convent building in today's size. At the southern end of the convent building, where the small corner tower was, joins the prelature, also built by Colendal. The immortalized with iron armatures inscription indicates the builder and year: ECAP 1718 ( E ngelbertus C olendal A bbas p erfecit 1718). Behind this prelature and further to the southwest were the farm buildings and stables. The products from the wine press, brewery and distillery were not only made for the monks' own monks, but also sold to the pilgrims who have visited the relics in Sayn every year since 1212 . These buildings as well as the remains and ruins of the convent building behind the church and parts of the crumbling cloister were irretrievably lost when the Brexbachtal Railway was built in 1882.
On various old drawings and engravings, a building with pointed turrets can be seen on the square in front of the church. It was a gateway through which guests and pilgrims entered the abbey grounds. Apart from the name “Porta nova” there are no documents or structural remains.
Even before secularization , parts of the monastery were in a pitiful condition and threatened with decay. Through the agreements made in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the legal successors of the abbey were obliged to maintain the buildings that were necessary for the continuation of the parish - that is, the church building and rectory (prelature). The convent building went to the community and housed the school and teacher's apartment from 1823 to 1980. Today this building is owned by the parish and is used as a hostel and for meetings.
Cloister
The Romanesque cloister , originally composed of four wings in a square plan, connected the various parts of the building, the chapter house and the refectory with the church as a weather-protected walkway . The cloister was probably built between 1200 and 1260 together with the surrounding buildings. The fountain house (lavatory) was built in the west wing , which provided the residents with the fresh water they needed. The source for this water is probably to be found on the mountain slope to the south. The water could be collected there in a basin and fed to the double-shell well. In the right wall of the fountain house a staircase was built that led to the upper rooms. As in many monasteries of the regulated orders, the library and the archive were probably located above the fountain house in Sayn. This library was refurbished under Abbot Colendal and reached its prime. The cloister was an important place for conversation and meeting of the monks and also served as a burial place for the clergy of the abbey. The inner courtyard of the cloister was laid out as a garden; the current layout could be similar to the previous one. The outside of the cloister is divided into arched openings, which are interrupted by two smaller receding arcades, each divided by two arched openings. The arches are supported by small pillars.
The decline of the cloister and the other buildings began after the billeting of French troops and after the abbey was closed. Around 1814 the south and east wings fell into disrepair and were demolished. It is not documented when the north wing running alongside the church collapsed. The vaulted arches of this part can still be seen in the south wall of the church and are indicated in the current painting on the wall. The Romanesque capitals were also put back in their places. The only parts that have been preserved are the west wing and the fountain house with its Romanesque fountain. The arched openings were partially walled up and used together with the simplest porches in the 19th century as a stable and storage room. Renovations in 1925/26 and the restoration in 1998, during which the floor was lowered, gave the seven-bay cloister part its original Romanesque color scheme.
Exterior fittings
Exterior paintings
The exterior paintings on the blind arcade gallery on the north exterior wall are of great importance for Rhenish art of the 12th and 13th centuries . The high installation was given by the lower St. Nicholas Chapel in front of it. For centuries the colourfulness of Staufer art could be admired above the roof of this chapel. The colorful leaf, lily and cross patterns were decoration and should express the dignity of the house of God. During the restoration work in 1972/73, the overpaintings from the Baroque period and 1858 were removed and the original layers of paint restored and preserved. Apart from fragments and a jagged frieze all around, nothing remains of the rest of the exterior painting of the church .
Old cemetery chapel
The old cemetery chapel next to the church tower probably dates from the 17th century, and the back wall is part of the old walling around the abbey grounds. The two figures of the crucifixion group can be dated to the first half of the 16th century and represent the Virgin Mary and the apostle John . The two figures have been in the depot since 2015 and are to be restored. The crucifix with the figure of Christ did not originally belong to the group; the origin is unclear. The last renovation in 2015 restored the cemetery chapel to its original condition. On the back wall is a cast iron grave slab in memory of the Sayn pastor Martin Boos .
Simonsbrunnen
Behind the church, to the southeast of the Gothic choir, is the Simonsbrunnen. Its water has long been said to have healing properties, originally against a wide variety of ailments and, since the 18th century, especially against diseases of the eyes. Until well into the 20th century, pilgrims on the pilgrimages leading to Sayn since 1212 wet their faces and eyes with this water. The miraculous power is said to come from the shrine of St. Apostle Simon went over to the water after he was temporarily brought to safety in the well house in the Thirty Years War , 1631, from an attack by the Swedes. In the pilgrimage booklet of 1742 it says: “In this unexpected hostile attack, one of the clergy wants to find the greatest treasure / namely still looking for the Holy Arm of the Holy Apostle Simon / but not bring it further / than in the one behind Kirch ad 10th step located fountain / in which it was located for a while / and yet with all people's amazement Miraculously wise remained unseen / that is why the fountain Sanct Simons fountain is called / and the water from it is still healing today / ... "() The lowering of the groundwater level and drainage work changed the spring water inflow located in the mountainside, and the water that bubbled there today is taken from the lower groundwater. While the well house dates from the 17th or 18th century, the base of the well with the statue of St. Simon a foundation from 1983 from pilgrims from the Diocese of Warmia (East Prussia) and from members of the Order of the Sisters of St. Catherine (CSC).
The newly designed basalt fountain is the work of the sculptor Hans-Joachim Hippel from Mayen. In addition to the figure of Saint Simon on the well, four reliefs are worked into the rim of the well bowl, namely the Lamb of God , a head portrait of Regina Protmann , the founder of the Ermland Sisters of St. Catherine, Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia with the legendary roses and the meeting of the Prophet Elijah with the widow of Sarepta . The last two pictures are symbols of charity.
Interior
Baptismal font
One of the oldest pieces of equipment is the font in the entrance area of the church. The style of the stone, carved in granite and about one meter high, with the surrounding tendril frieze and six pillars, points to the time of origin at the beginning of the 13th century. The pillars were only made of marble during a later thorough renovation. Since the abbey had been responsible for the pastoral care of the parish as early as 1202, this baptismal font was part of the original inventory. However, in this early period, the Nikolauskapelle was used as a parish church ( templum parochiale ) and is therefore the original location of the baptismal font. In later times various places in the abbey church have been identified, and since the lowering of the church floor in 1990 the bowl of the baptismal font has served as a holy water font.
Altars
Little information is available about the early altars. Note down deeds of gift and a. an altar "in honor of the glorious Virgin Mary, St. John the apostle and St. Simon". This altar, which was dedicated to the patrons of the church, is certainly the high altar. In addition, between 1277 and 1448 an altar of St. Maria Magdalena and a cross altar are mentioned. In the Gothic choir, which was completed in 1454, Abbot Johann Meinen had a new high altar built, probably also dedicated to the church patrons . The altars are listed in an old register:
- Altar of St. Maria Immaculata and St. Johannes Ev ., Summum (high altar)
- Altar of St. Nicholas in eccl. paroch. (St. Nicholas Chapel - Parish Church)
- Altar of St. James, Saint Sebastian and Saint Anthony, in eccl. maiori, prope chorum (in the abbey church, near the choir)
- Altar of St. Anna , Saint Lawrence and Saint Barbara, in inferiori parte templi (in the lower part of the church)
- Altar of St. Cross, in inferiori parte ad dextra (in the lower part on the right)
- Altar of St. Peter and Paul , in medio templi (in the middle of the church)
- Altar of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Katharina, ad dextram chori (in the choir on the right)
- Altar of Beatae Mariae Virginis , in ambitu (in the cloister)
- Altar of St. Andreas , in sacristia (in the sacristy ).
Another altar, namely that of St. Michael, in castro (at the castle) is performed because the canons also had to provide pastoral care and the liturgy in the chapel at Sayn Castle. The Anna (4) and the cross (5) altars separated the convent church from the lay church interior at the end of the first nave yoke. The two transepts and the first nave yoke were thus included in the choir, as in the mother monastery in Steinfeld, and formed the convent church. The Marien Altar (8) probably stood at the head end of the north wing of the cloister on the west wall of the right transept. After the decline of the abbey and the turmoil of the Reformation, the abomination of desolation reigned in the holy place - the altars were desolated and the church treasures were lost.
It was not until Abbot Engelberth Colendal that the situation had recovered to such an extent that the purchase of new altars could be considered. After two smaller altars had already been built in the Baroque style, the construction of a large high altar was planned. Donations from generous donors were already available for this purpose. In 1708 the abbot commissioned the carver and altar maker Johann Bruell and the Cologne painter Meermann to build a large baroque altar in the Gothic choir. In keeping with the times, this altar was given a massive three-pillar architecture with rich ornamentation and magnificent figures. Figures of St. Augustine and St. Norbert . Other figures were the patron saints of the church and St. Dedicated to Simon. In the center above the Altarmensa , also in accordance with the custom of that time, there was a large alternating picture. In the contract with the painter, a picture is mentioned that is supposed to represent the parish patrons Maria and Johannes in front of a crucifix. The two alternating images “Adoration of the Shepherds” and the image of St. Simon and the arm relic are still preserved. Above this large picture, carried by two puttos, was the donor's coat of arms of Johann Philipp von Reiffenberg. Above everything, the resurrection of Christ was depicted in a medallion . Both this medallion and the donor's coat of arms as well as the figures of Johannes Evangelist and Simon as well as the figures of the two princes of the apostles Peter and Paul are still preserved, as is a sideboard that belonged to the baroque altar and - now magnificently restored - is a celebration altar . On the grounds that the baroque altar was rotten and worm-eaten, Pastor Holzinger had it torn down in 1831.
A subsequent "stair altar " by Lassaulx only lasted until 1861 and was replaced by a simple neo-Gothic high altar with a large crucifix. In 1966, this altar was also removed and the red sandstone altar still standing there was built, on whose cafeteria a modern tabernacle was located. After the liturgical reform a few years later, the present sacrificial table was used “closer to the people” during worship.
The reconstruction of the retable from the Premonstratensian monastery in Altenberg near Wetzlar has stood on the sandstone altar since 1997 . It serves as a storage and display altar for the relics and depicts the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Elisabeth represents. In the middle is the statue of an enthroned Madonna and Child.
Another altar stood on the south wall of the right transept. In 1718 it can be identified as the "Simonsaltar", but in 1853 the bones of a young martyr from the Calixtus catacomb were festively buried in a new altar at this point . Since at that time Pius IX. Was Pope, the catacomb saint was named "Pius". This relic and the altar were donated to the parish church by Princess Leonilla zu Sayn-Wittgenstein. Since then, called the Pius Altar, the relic as well as the Simons shrine were exhibited for worship on high feast days and pilgrimages. The Eucharist was still celebrated at this altar in the 1950s . In the 1960s, the side altar was removed and a simple celebration altar was built in the left transept chapel.
Tombs
In the abbey church, donated by the Counts of Sayn as a dignified burial place for their own family, not only the abbots and the local nobility, but also benefactors, who made a significant contribution to the continued existence of the monastery, found their final resting place. In addition to the valuable tombs in the church, there are also a large number of massive tombstones that originally covered the final resting place of the deceased inside the church.
Henry III. from Sayn
One of the most important works of art in the abbey is the larger than life tomb of the patron and patron Heinrich III. von Sayn († 1246/47). The original is in the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg. The copy set up in Sayn is lying on a tumba , reproduced in the original color. The illustration shows a knight from the late Staufer period . The resemblance to the deceased count is obvious, as the origin of the carving is dated to the middle of the 13th century. The relief-like image above the head depicts the heavenly Jerusalem and is an indication of Henry's participation in a crusade in 1218/19. On the right side, his little daughter hugs his protective hand. All of Heinrich's descendants died in early childhood.
Friedrich von Stein and his wife
The tomb of Friedrich von Stein and his wife Fye (Sophie) Voss von Diebach dates from the first half of the 15th century . The Steins were castle men of the Counts of Sayn and had inherited this office from their father Fyes in 1389, along with all their fiefs. The Steins castle house (today's ruins) stood on the slope and protected the entrance to Sayn Castle. The building, which was still inhabited in the 19th century, belonged to the famous descendant Freiherr vom und zum Stein until 1802 .
Johann Philipp von Reiffenberg and his wife
The Reiffenbergs were a Burgmann family in the 16th and 17th centuries. The tomb of Johann Philipp von Reiffenberg and his wife Margaretha von Hoheneck shows him in knight armor and his wife in a long baroque robe. A mourning putto is placed above the figures , and the top of the tomb is bordered by the family's coat of arms. The detailed inscription shows the numerous offices and honorary titles of the baron. Reiffenberg put down the history of his homeland in his Antiquitates Saynensis . Not only the couple, who died in quick succession on February 4 and 10, 1722, but also three other family members were buried in the family crypt.
Jakob Georg von Spangenberg and his wife Johanna Dorothea von Wallhof
On the south wall of today's celebration altar is the grave monument of Baron Jakob Georg von Spangenberg and his wife. The black marble slab, richly decorated with ornamentation, shows the coats of arms of von Spangenberg and von Wallhof above the inscription. The baron, who had risen to the highest offices of Kurtrier, represented the electoral state at the Reichstag in Regensburg, Frankfurt and Vienna and was reappointed to the politics of the empire at the age of 80. He was a great patron of Sayn Abbey. Valuable liturgical vestments still exist today, bearing the family's coat of arms, i.e. donated by him. As patrons and friends of the abbey clergy, he and his wife were buried in the abbey church.
High grave of Heinrich III. von Sayn (reproduction)
Tomb of Friedrich von Stein and his wife Sophia
Tomb of Johann Philipp von Reiffenberg and his wife Margaretha
Tomb of Jakob Georg von Spangenberg and his wife Dorothea von Wallhof
pulpit
The origin of the simple baroque pulpit is unclear. It probably dates from the 17th or early 18th century and probably only came into the church interior after secularization . Originally attached to the right crossing pillar, it is now a few meters from this place in the middle of the south wall of the first nave yoke. The small figures represent the four evangelists with their symbols .
organ
The first organ was probably built at the end of the 17th century under Abbot Adolph Gülich. The first evidence can be found from 1701, after which an extension should be carried out. A short time later, however, Abbot Engelberth Colendal commissioned a new organ and installed it as early as 1703. Repairs and extensions to this organ, however, indicate that the quality of the work was inferior, so that Abbot Isfried Ohm decided in 1773 to purchase a new instrument. Both the three-manual organ in the Rommersdorf monastery and the good reputation of the organ builder dynasty in the Hunsrück were probably the decisive factors in choosing and commissioning the workshop of the brothers Johann Philipp and Johann Heinrich Stumm from Sulzbach . As a two-manual (with 2 clavier) , side-playing parapet organ with a pedal of 15 tones and 3 bellows, the work could be manufactured and transported in 1778 by ship over the Moselle and Rhine to Mülhofen and by car to Sayn.
The organ loft with its curved parapet, on which the instrument was placed, was also designed by the organ builder. At the end of the 19th century, as part of a church renovation, the organ loft was extended by three and a half meters to the front, also in order to be able to offer enough space for the recently founded men's and church choir. Positioning the organ in the middle of the gallery and no longer at the front on the parapet turned out to be a poor solution both acoustically and visually and was fundamentally changed during an organ restoration in 1954/55 by Johannes Klais , Bonn. Klais removed the lower positive from the organ case and placed it in the parapet. However, due to the new gaming table in front of the main plant and facing the altar, the entire play area had to be changed. Maintenance deficiencies and dampness in the church interior quickly caused damage to the work and the sensitive mechanical play and stop mechanism.
In a further general renovation in 1996/97, the organ and parapet were returned to their original condition by Klais with side play and sub-positive with the following exceptions: The pedal system from 1954/55 was taken over, reduced from C to C ′ and mechanically adjusted . The reconstruction of the wedge bellows was dispensed with in favor of a more spacious magazine bellows . The tuning and temperature of the instrument were restored to the original state of 1778 (416 Hz at 18 ° C - concert pitch a ').
After the reconstruction, the organ has the following disposition :
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- Tremulant as channel tremulant in the first manual (reconstructed)
- Coupling : manual slide coupler between the keyboards (reconstructed), pedal coupler placed in the console (reconstructed)
- Game and stop actions are mechanical
Bells
The chime of the abbey consists of the following four bells. The bells were hung several times in the past centuries and provided with steel yokes when they were equipped with electric drive motors . In 1982/83, for reasons of preservation, the decisive factor was to hang the bells professionally and again on wooden yokes.
| Patronage | inscription | Height approx in cm |
Casting year | Foundry, casting location | Chime | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesus Christ, St. Mary, St. John and St. Simon | IHESUS XPS MARIA JOHANNES SIMON | 95 | early 14th century | G sharp | oldest surviving bell | |
| St. Norbert and St. Genoveva | NORBERTVS VND GENOVEVA ASK I SVB ABBATE SDOLPHO M. GORT VON STOMMEL GOS ME ANNO 1661 IHM MAY | 100 | 1661 | Matthias Gort von Stommel, Cologne | F sharp | "Campana maxima" |
| St. Mary and St. Simon |
S MARIA JOAN EVANGELIST VND SIMON SINCE BEY GODT IS OUR PATRON THAT HE WAS UNMADE IN HAGEL; PLITZ AND DONNERSCHLAG
UNDER ABT A G M G V S G M A 1661 IN JUNE |
80 | 1661 | Matthias Gort von Stommel, Cologne | B. | |
| Assumption Day | SANCTA MARIA ORA PRO NOBIS. VIVOS VOCO MORTUOS PLANGO. IN MEMORIAM OF THE MISSED AND FALLEN IN THE WORLD WAR 1914–1918 1939–1945.
THE PARISH FAMILY SAYN AD 1955 |
1955 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher | cast in memory of the victims of the two wars; served for many years as a conversion bells, since the renovation in 1982/83 as a "death bells" at funerals, is in the tower helmet |
List of abbots and rulers of the monastery
| Period | Surname | comment |
|---|---|---|
| 1200 / 1201-1220 | Hermann | first provost of the abbey |
| 1220-1225 | Gerhard | |
| 1226-1230 | Ludolf | third provost, consecrated first abbot of the abbey in 1228/1229 |
| 1232 attested | Heinrich | Steinfelder Nekrolog: "... once Abbas in Hungary and in Sayn" |
| Attested in 1240 and 1248 | Ludger | from 1251 abbot of Clarholz |
| Attested in 1255 | Goswin | from 1258 abbot in Steinfeld |
| Mentioned in 1264 | John | |
| 1268-1272 | John of the Lion | then abbot of Steinfeld, abbot of Rommersdorf, 1289–1292 abbot of Floreffe |
| July 23, 1273 - October 2, 1275 | Konrad | receives supervision over Engelport monastery |
| Mentioned in 1278 and 1280 | Dudo | later Abbot of Hamborn |
| Mentioned in 1287 | Manegold | |
| Mentioned in 1287 | Konrad | |
| Linger, Wetzelin and Bartholomäus | mentioned in modern abbot catalogs, but no further data are available | |
| Attested in 1304 | Heinrich | has probably given up |
| Attested in 1308 | Hermann | |
| Mentioned in 1309 and 1310 | Jacob | resigned and became provost in Konradsdorf monastery near Büdingen |
| 1328 | Arnold | Sayn had two abbots with this name in 1328 |
| Mentioned 1330–1341 | Heinrich | resigned 1344 |
| Mentioned 1345-1358 | Amand | resigned 1362 |
| Mentioned September 29, 1374 | Herbord | |
| 1384-1403 | Heinrich Foro | He is attested in 1397 as "Abbot Heinrich von Andernach" |
| Mentioned in 1404 | Johann | |
| 1415 attested | Gotthard | |
| 1423 / 1424-1463 | Johann Meyen | Conflicts with Count Gerhard II von Sayn |
| Mentioned in 1463 | Gerhard von Nijkerk | from Wittewierum monastery, reformation of the Premonstratensian order |
| 1465 - April 3, 1500 | Johann von Berka | Under Abbot Johann, Sayn Abbey attained supra-regional importance for the only time |
| April 27, 1500 - February 23, 1519 | Levin of Gouda | owed the decline of the monastery, resigned from office on February 23, 1519 |
| February 23, 1519-1522 | Adam von Heddesdorf | |
| 1522-1546 | Johann Hillen von Bendorf | |
| 1546-1561 | Heinrich Kricker von Neuss | |
| 1563 / 1566-5. January 1577 | Jodocus Brender | The Counts of Sayn ruined the monastery economically, goods had to be sold and the church treasures had to be brought to Sayn Castle, the convent, apart from the abbot and prior, had to leave the monastery |
| February 3, 1577–1592 | Simon Hausmann | comes from Sayn, is appointed abbot, close to the Counts of Sayn |
| December 2, 1592-1599 | Heinrich Kray (Krae) | comes from Hachenburg (Saynisch) |
| 1599 - June 13, 1607 | Laurentz Goir | |
| 1607-1629 | Gerhard Knorr | from 1607 prior in Sayn, elevated to abbot on July 8, 1625, resigned 1629 |
| September 5, 1629 - December 10, 1635 | Werner Wiesen | dies of the plague in 1635 |
| December 26, 1635 - August 1638 | Kaspar Schildt | is postulated as abbot of Rommersdorf on August 10, 1638 |
| August 1638-1659 | Johann Schnorraeus | from September 26, 1628 prior under various abbots, heads the monastery from August 1638 |
| January 21, 1652 - August 14, 1655 | Johann Hagen | previously pastor in Hamborn, suddenly died on August 14, 1655 in Rommersdorf monastery |
| September 29, 1655 - September 1657 | Gerhard von Entzen | is postulated as abbot of Rommersdorf on September 21, 1657 |
| November 1657 - December 12, 1697 | Adolph Gülich | As the first Abbot from Sayner, he is allowed to wear a miter, comes into conflict with the imperial authorities through the dealings of his nephew, which also results in conflicts and penalties by his church authorities |
| October 26, 1682 - July 5, 1690 | Adam Schmitz | from 1682 abbot coadjutor under Abbot Gülich |
| 1690-1694 | Sigismund Lindtweiler | from September 1690 obliged to administrator of the abbey, from 1698 prior in Sayn under Abbot Colendal, from 1708 pastor in Nauort |
| January 6, 1698 - September 20, 1719 | Engelbert Colendal | acquires the right for himself and his successors to wear the miter; Appointed prior and administrator of the abbey at the age of 26, brought the abbey to new heights, initiated renovations and new acquisitions, obtained the right to wear the miter |
| March 24, 1720 - November 26, 1722 | Adolph ladies | relieves various debt obligations of the monastery, begins the construction of the new church tower |
| December 7, 1722 - October 12, 1744 | Joseph Kappenstein | Is represented from 1733 by Prior Gottfried Geller because of mental problems |
| November 29, 1744-July 1777 | Isfried Ohm | has new farm buildings built, is active as a visitor to various circariums and monasteries |
| August 1777 - April 26, 1789 | Adolph Hirsch | builds a new monastery mill and has the convent garden laid out |
| May 26, 1789 - February 14, 1794 | Joseph Pfeifer | before his election pastor in Nauort |
| May 17, 1794 - March 12, 1803 | Bartholomäus Reinhard | last abbot elected by the convent, after the abolition of the monastery pastor in Sayn |
List of patronage pastors
As a result of a state treaty between the Duchy of Nassau and the Prussian state from 1815, Prussia took on the patronage of the abbey buildings as well as the donation of the parish of Sayn. This resulted in a right of presentation and participation by Prussia, as well as by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate as the legal successor, in the appointment of the local pastor. Sayn is the only parish in the Diocese of Trier where the state government has the right to participate in filling the pastor's position and in serious cases it can refuse to give its consent.
| Period | Surname |
|---|---|
| 1803-1818 | Bartholomäus Reinhard, OPraem |
| 1819-1825 | Martin Boos |
| 1825-1826 | Johann Adam Nussbaum |
| 1826-1830 | Engelbert Hoffmann |
| 1830-1880 | Johann Georg Holsinger |
| 1882-1900 | Anton Müller |
| 1900-1913 | Jacob Napoleon Knopp |
| 1913-1920 | Friedrich Wessel |
| 1921-1961 | Anton Nikolaus Ibald |
| 1961-1971 | Wilhelm Roth |
| 1971-2004 | P. Willi Madauß, SDB |
| 2004 | P. Joachim Hagel, OPraem |
| 2005–2012 | P. Thomas Lüke, OPraem |
| 2012-2014 | P. Norbert Maliekal, OPraem |
| since 2014 | Joachim Fey (Parish Community Bendorf) |
literature
- Joachim J. Halbekann: The older counts of Sayn. Personal, constitutional and property history of a Rhineland counts 1139 - 1246/47 (= publication of the Historical Commission Nassau. 61). Historical commission for Nassau : Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-930221-01-2 (At the same time: Cologne, University, dissertation, 1993).
- Franz Hermann Kemp: The Premonstratensian Abbey Sayn. (Festival book for the 750th anniversary). Joh. Schwenkmetzger, Bendorf / Rh. 1952.
- Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow. With contributions by Bruno Krings and Johannes Meier . Publisher: Parish and Support Group Abtei Sayn e. V. Görres Verlag und Druckerei GmbH, Koblenz 2002, ISBN 3-935690-03-7 .
- Hans Erich Kubach , Fritz Michel , Hermann Schnitzler : The art monuments of the district of Koblenz (= The art monuments of the Rhine Province. Vol. 16, Section 3, ZDB -ID 527536-2 ). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1944.
- Jakob Marx: History of the parishes of the Diocese of Trier. Volume 2: History of the parishes of the deaneries Trier, Konz and Engers. Paulinus printing works, Trier 1932.
- Dietrich Schabow (Ed.): Förderkreis Abtei Sayn 1981 to 2011. Publisher: Förderkreis Abtei Sayn e. V. Görres Verlag und Druckerei GmbH, Koblenz 2011, ISBN 978-3-86972-010-4 .
Web links
- Friends of Sayn Abbey V.
- Parish Maria Himmelfahrt Sayn
- Premonstratensians
- Stumm organ in the Sayn Abbey Church
Individual evidence
- ↑ Document book on the history of the Middle Rhine territories now forming the Prussian administrative districts of Coblenz and Trier. Volume 2: Heinrich Beyer , Leopold Eltester , Adam Goerz: From the years 1169 to 1212. Hölscher, Koblenz 1865, p. 237 f., No. 201 .
- ↑ Document book on the history of the Middle Rhine territories now forming the Prussian administrative districts of Coblenz and Trier. Volume 2: Heinrich Beyer, Leopold Eltester, Adam Goerz: From the years 1169 to 1212. Hölscher, Koblenz 1865, p. 236 f., No. 200 and 201 ; Copies in the State Main Archives Koblenz 172, 588 and 590
- ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 334, 355, p. 76.
- ↑ Joachim J. Half Can: The older Counts of Sayn. 1997, Chapter B.III.2.
- ↑ Joachim J. Half Can: The older Counts of Sayn. 1997, Chap.A.II.2.a.
- ↑ Joachim J. Half Can: The older Counts of Sayn. 1997, p. 35 f.
- ↑ State Main Archives Koblenz 172, 17.
- ↑ Joachim J. Half Can: The older Counts of Sayn. 1997, Chapter B. II 3 b.
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, p. 25.
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, chap. 2.2.
- ^ Alexander Graf von Hachenburg : Saynsche Chronik. Röhrscheid, Bonn 1929, p. 51, ( online ).
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, chap. 2.3.
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, chap. 2.4.
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, chap. 3.
- ^ Parish archives of the parish Bendorf-Sayn, note from Dietrich Schabow from March 2013.
- ↑ a b Bendorf story . Retrieved April 11, 2017.
- ^ Parish archive of the cath. Parish Maria Himmelfahrt in Bendorf-Sayn (Finding aid number 0045).
- ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz, 172, 408, a directory of the altars undated
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, chap. 3.2.3.
- ↑ Joachim J. Half Can: The older Counts of Sayn. 1997, chap. A.III.1.a, "probably died on New Year's Eve."
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, chap. 3.2.3.2.
- ^ Franz Hermann Kemp: Sayn Abbey. 3rd edition, edited and supplemented by Dietrich Schabow, 2002, chap. 8th.