Hachenburg

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Hachenburg
Hachenburg
Map of Germany, location of the city of Hachenburg highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′  N , 7 ° 49 ′  E

Basic data
State : Rhineland-Palatinate
County : Westerwaldkreis
Association municipality : Hachenburg
Height : 350 m above sea level NHN
Area : 21.42 km 2
Residents: 6122 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 286 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 57627
Area code : 02662
License plate : WW
Community key : 07 1 43 229
City structure: 2 districts
Association administration address: Gartenstrasse 11
57627 Hachenburg
Website : www.hachenburg.de
City Mayor : Stefan Leukel ( CDU )
Location of the city of Hachenburg in the Westerwaldkreis
map
Hachenburg, aerial photo (2016)
The old market in the center of the city

Hachenburg is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate . It is the administrative seat of the association of the same name , to which it also belongs. Hachenburg is a state-approved resort and is designated as a medium-sized center in state planning .

geography

Geographical location

The city is located in the Westerwald between Koblenz in the south and Siegen in the north and between Altenkirchen in the west and Bad Marienberg (Westerwald) .

Expansion of the urban area

The urban area of ​​Hachenburg extends between the rivers Nister in the north and Wied in the south. In the southern part of the city there are extensive forest areas of the Hachenburg state forest , which joins the large Hachenburg city forest in the western part of the city . With its size of 21.43 square kilometers, Hachenburg is the second largest district in terms of area after Montabaur in the Westerwaldkreis. 24.6% are agricultural areas, 53.6% forest areas, 1.0% water areas, 19.1% settlement and traffic areas and 1.8% other areas (as of 2018).

Neighboring communities

The municipalities of Nister , Unnau with the Korb district ( Verbandsgemeinde Bad Marienberg ), Alpenrod , Gehlert , Steinebach an der Wied , Wied , Hattert and Müschenbach border the urban area in a clockwise direction .

City structure

Hachenburg is divided into the two districts

history

Old town

The castle and the city

Hachenburg Castle , aerial view (2016)
Hachenburg Castle
Inside perspective of Hachenburg

Today's Hachenburg Castle was founded as a castle around 1180 by Count Heinrich II of Sayn and was subsequently the seat of the Counts of Sayn. The building was completed in 1212 under his son Heinrich III. from Sayn . The same is also mentioned as the first owner of the town and castle of Hachenburg. Under him the construction of the neighboring Cistercian monastery of Marienstatt took place at the same time .

The city charter was Hachenburg, whose name is derived from a protected by a thorn bushes Castle Hill, 1314 by King Ludwig of Bavaria . The original settlement was not at 390  m above sea level. NHN high Burgberg, but in the approximately 1.5 km distant, 100 meters lower lying valley of the Rothbach, at the location of today's district of Altstadt Hachenburg , which was first mentioned in 1343 (to differentiate it from the younger Hachenburg). The Romanesque St. Bartholomew's Church, which was built there around 1200 (today a Protestant church), is the oldest surviving building in Hachenburg, followed by the Stone House ( Zur Krone ) on the Old Market in the city center from the 15th century. For 1470 two annual markets for Bartholomäus (August 24th) and Katharina (November 25th) are recorded.

The castle church was not built until the late 15th century and underwent several renovations up to the 18th century. The Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary was initially the church of the Hachenburg Franciscan monastery from the first half of the 18th century, which became the parish church in 1813. In the Middle Ages, the population of Hachenburg was probably no more than 500-1000 inhabitants. In the 17th and 18th centuries it was between 1,000 and 1,500. After the Second World War , the population rose to 3,000, and today the small town has almost 6,000 inhabitants.

After the older line of the Counts of Sayn had expired in 1606, Hachenburg came to the Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn . After the death of the last count in this branch in the middle of the Thirty Years' War in 1636, the county became a bone of contention between the widow, Countess Louise Juliane , with her husband's stepbrothers and with the Electorate of Cologne . After the long chaos of the war and endless quarrels, the “Countess von Sayn” still succeeded in gaining control of the county with the Peace of Westphalia in 1649. She now divided them between her two daughters, into the County of Sayn-Hachenburg, which fell to the older Ernestine von Manderscheid- Blankenheim, and the County of Sayn-Altenkirchen , which came to the younger Johanna von Sachsen-Eisenach. Hachenburg came through Ernestine's daughter by marriage in 1714 to the burgraves of Kirchberg . In 1799 the county fell to the princes of Nassau-Weilburg . In connection with the formation of the Rhine Confederation (1806), Sayn-Hachenburg fell together with Sayn-Altenkirchen to the newly established Duchy of Nassau .

A large city fire destroyed large parts of the city center and the castle on October 13, 1654. Count Salentin Ernst von Manderscheid and Count Georg Friedrich von Sayn-Hachenburg had the town and castle rebuilt (now as a baroque palace ). The city center still has the shape they arranged, as most of the half-timbered houses on Friedrichstrasse, Herrnstrasse, Alten Markt, Perlgasse, Mittelstrasse, Judengasse and Wilhelmstrasse date from the 17th and 18th centuries.

The spacious castle, built by the Nassau-Weilburg architect Julius Ludwig Rothweil between 1715 and 1746 on the site of the old castle, features a horseshoe-shaped inner courtyard with a view of the castle garden. In 1799, after the death of the last Count of Kirchberg-Hachenburg, the county fell to Nassau-Weilburg . Hachenburg lost its status as a royal seat , but remained the official seat of the Hachenburg office . The castle changed hands several times in the 20th century and is now the headquarters of the Deutsche Bundesbank University .

Hachenburg was largely spared from damage during the Second World War, but had suffered in earlier centuries, for example by several large fires (1400, 1439, 1484, 1541, 1594 and 1654) and by the effects of war, especially in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), in the Seven Years War (1756–1763) and in the two so-called coalition wars (1792–1797 and 1799–1802) suffered greatly.

On June 7, 1969, the previously independent community of Altstadt was incorporated into Hachenburg.

Past Jewish life

The Jewish cemetery was first mentioned in 1587 as a Jewish cemetery . 83 graves can still be found today, including double graves. Most of the still preserved graves were made by the Hachenburg stonemason and sculptor Wilhelm Sax (August 16, 1891 to June 26, 1955). Other stone carvings were carried out by Albert Mai (December 31, 1891 to March 15, 1976) and his son Herbert Mai (March 5, 1925 to February 13, 2015), who later became the son-in-law of Wilhelm Sax. In 1913 there were 126 Jews in Hachenburg, compared to 1932 it still 99.

Population development

The development of the population of Hachenburg in relation to today's urban area; the values ​​from 1871 to 1987 are based on censuses:

year Residents
1815 1,998
1835 2,080
1871 1,958
1905 2,563
1939 3.233
1950 3.714
1961 3,780
year Residents
1970 4,246
1987 4,571
1997 5,458
2005 5,733
2011 5,855
2017 6,060

politics

City council

City council election 2019 Hachenburg
Participation: 64.3% (+ 3.4%)
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
41.5
27.1
12.4
5.6
5.1
4.8
3.5
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
-14
-16
+4.0
-14.7
+4.2
+2.3
+5.1
+0.1
-1.0

The city ​​council in Hachenburg consists of 22 council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the honorary city ​​mayor as chairman.

The distribution of seats in the city council:

choice SPD CDU AfD FDP Green FWG Base L 94 total
2019 6th 9 1 1 3 1 1 - 22 seats
2014 9 8th - 1 2 1 1 - 22 seats
2009 8th 7th - 2 2 1 1 1 22 seats
2004 7th 8th - 1 1 1 2 2 22 seats
  • FWG = Free Voting Group of the City of Hachenburg e. V.
  • Basis = Basis Altstadt e. V.
  • L 94 = list '94 e. V.

mayor

Mayor of Hachenburg is Stefan Leukel (CDU). In the direct election on May 26, 2019, he was confirmed in his office with 82.37% of the votes.

Local advisory board

The interests of the Altstadt district are represented by a seven-person local advisory board and the mayor .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Hachenburg
 Blazon : "In red a growing, triple-tinned, ogival (Gothic) golden city gate with an open three-pronged golden portcullis, flanked by two golden round towers with two black windows on the upper floor, all made of black-grooved cuboids, covered with green slices of golden finials (lilies) crowned bonnets , raised in the middle by a label, inside a golden border in red a double-curled, looking, rising golden lion . "
Justification of the coat of arms: The double tower gate stands for the upper gate from 1292 of the old city fortifications with the four gates Obertor (east), Untertor (northwest), emergency gate (north) and Rahmpforte (south), the lion is the heraldic animal of the Counts of Sayn , its two tails symbolize the solidarity of the aristocratic houses Sayn and Wittgenstein .

Hachenburg has had its own seal since 1292 ( sigillo oppidanorum de Hachinberg - seal of the citizens of Hachenburg ). The old city coat of arms was earlier u. a. at the Hachenburg town hall on the market and above the two larger city gates, the upper and the lower gate. Today the Hachenburg coat of arms is held by the Saynian lion on the market fountain. The towers of this coat of arms have concave tent roofs, the date 10.X.1314 can be seen in the gate , on which the former village of Hagenberg was granted city rights. On the current coat of arms the lion is not blue-tongued and armored, on older versions it is. The hoods also appear with green finials.

Culture and sights

historical town hall
The Hachenburger lion

Hachenburg is considered the secret cultural capital of the Westerwald. Institutions such as the Westerwald Landscape Museum and the excellently equipped city library have contributed to this reputation, as have the events of the Hachenburg e. V., the Marienstatter Musikkreis and the municipal "Hachenburger KulturZeit".

old market

old market

The old market - rectangular next to the castle - with the Ev. Castle Church (St. Katharinenkirche) and the Catholic Church (former Franciscan Church) are framed by renovated gabled houses from the 17th and 18th centuries with partly open half-timbering. In the center opposite the Catholic Church is the market fountain, which was erected in 1626 and received its present form in 1702. The gilded Sayn coat of arms lion is a symbol for the sovereignty. The market square was created after the city fire of 1439 in the reign of Count Dietrich von Sayn; However, it did not get its present form until after the fire of 1654.

Evangelical castle church

It was first mentioned in a document in 1372 as the Church of St. Catherine . A double flight of stairs leads to the portal, which is designed as a risalit with a flat gable. The building is connected to the castle by an archway . The late Gothic choir and tower date from the middle of the 15th century, the nave from 1775, to which the mirror vault (1775) connects. The count's family crypt is in the choir. Stylistically, it is a typical preacher's church with the altar, pulpit and organ on top of each other on the east side and the wooden installation of galleries on the other walls. The tower on the south side (1481) is one of the older parts of the church.

Hachenburg, Protestant parish church, aerial photo (2016)

Catholic Church

The original Franciscan church was built from 1734 to 1738 and was connected to the former Franciscan monastery , the last parts of which were demolished before 1907 in order to double the church (until 1909) and to add a tower. The front is equipped with strong pilasters and volute gables. The wooden structure of the high altar (1738) was donated by the Archbishop of Prague. The altarpiece “Assumption of Mary” is a copy of a painting by the Italian master Guido Reni , probably made by Philipp Albrecht from Limburg . The two side altars , the baroque pulpit and the eternal lamp are also worth seeing . Under the church there is a monk's crypt with the monks of the former monastery who died between 1754 and 1811 and were walled in here.

The stone house

The Stone House ("Gasthaus zur Krone"), which was built in 1439 and was the only stone building in the city at that time, is located on the Old Market, next to the Catholic Church . In 1531 the four-story stone building was renewed in the Renaissance style and provided with a brick bay window with three strands . The current gable form, a roll-work gable, dates from 1585. The weather vane from 1617 rises above it. The stone house was used by the Counts of Sayn as an administrative seat and guest house and is now a hotel with a historical character.

Vogtshof (old town hall)

The beginnings of today's Vogtshof go back to the 2nd half of the 13th century. After numerous new constructions and conversions and changes in use, the building was restored in 2009 and 2010 and inaugurated on May 14, 2011. The Löwensaal and the casino are now used for festive events, exhibitions, readings, music performances and the like. available. Weddings also take place in the casino hall.

Wilhelmstrasse

The shopping street in the city center, formerly known as Niederstraße , is now a pedestrian zone and has many well-renovated half-timbered houses; building no. 14 used to be the "Goldener Löwe" inn, mentioned in 1759.

The Herrnstrasse

The Herrnstrasse is a side street running south of the Alter Markt ; on it there is a historical semi-detached house (No. 3/5) with visible half-timbering from the 18th century and with carved doors. Diagonally opposite stands the “Beustsche Haus”, built in 1766, named after its former owner, the ducal government councilor and later government director Ludwig August von Beust . The poet of the Goethe era, Albertine von Grün , who was related by marriage to von Beust , lived here for a while and died in the house. In 2012, the first stumbling blocks were laid in Hachenburg in memory of the Jewish Weinberg family who lived at Herrnstrasse 8 .

The castle garden

The castle garden, laid out in the 15th century under Gerhard I von Sayn and expanded in the English style by Count Salentin Ernst von Manderscheid and Count Georg Friedrich von Kirchberg , used to be directly adjacent to the castle and is now separated from it by the Alexander Ring.

At the beginning of the 18th century, when the burgraves of Kirchberg, who resided in Hachenburg, rebuilt the entire palace complex, the castle garden also underwent a transformation into a baroque complex; thus a pond, four pleasure houses, a garden house and an orangery were built . After Hachenburg was no longer a royal seat after 1799, the park became overgrown.

This changed when the forestry school used it as an experimental and teaching object from 1926; today it is set up like a park again. The old yew tree ( Taxus baccata ) at the landscape museum is a natural monument . It was not until 1962 that the Burggarten became the property of the city.

The Park Hotel Hachenburg has been located in it since 2019.

Westerwald Landscape Museum

The museum building in the castle garden is an outbuilding of the castle. The Westerwald Landscape Museum is part of a museum village made up of relocated Westerwald houses from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. The museum's buildings and collections are intended to provide information about the history of the Westerwald and its inhabitants. The houses include the school from Obermörsbach including a classroom completely furnished in the 19th century style, as well as a barn from Sainscheid , a mill house and an oil mill from Frickhofen and a bakery .

See also

List of cultural monuments in Hachenburg

Theater and cabaret

  • various year-round events of the municipal culture department, the "Hachenburger Kulturzeit"
  • the "puppet theater festival" that takes place every two years in autumn
  • the "Hachenburg Art Week", which also takes place every two years
  • the year-round “cabaret program”, in which almost all of the big names in cabaret and chansons have made guest appearances in the royal seat.

music

  • Organ concerts in the Protestant castle church and the Catholic parish church
  • the concerts of the Marienstatter Musikkreis with an annual program of sacred music
  • the summer music series Treffpunkt Alter Markt every Thursday evening
  • the annual benefit concert "Free & Inside" in the town hall

Regular events

  • The city's largest traditional folk festival, the Hachenburger Kirmes , takes place annually on the weekend of the 2nd Sunday in August. On Saturday evening, Hachenburger and their guests gather at the “Old Market” to open the fair with market lighting, music and funny speeches. 14 days later, the “Old Town” district follows, which has retained its own fair as well as some peculiarities.
  • In addition, there are a number of other events, including by associations, clubs, the Werbering Hachenburg and private organizers.
  • Every year the Katharinenmarkt takes place on the first Saturday in November. It is the largest one-day market in Rhineland-Palatinate.
  • Once a year (usually on the last weekend in August), the Westerwald Open, one of the largest tournaments in German-speaking Scrabble, takes place

Public facilities

There is a German Red Cross hospital in Hachenburg .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic
  • At the Au (Sieg) station there is a connection to the Rhein-Sieg-Express (RSX) trains , which run as RE 9 between Aachen, Düren, Cologne, Siegburg / Bonn, Troisdorf, Au, Betzdorf (Sieg) and Wissen to Siegen, to the S-Bahn line 12, which commutes between Düren, Cologne and Au (Sieg) and to the regional train of the Hessian State Railway which runs between Au (Sieg) and Siegen.
  • The next motorway junctions are Haiger / Burbach and Siegen on the A 45 about 24 kilometers and Montabaur, Mogendorf and Dierdorf on the A 3 about 23 km away.

Established businesses

education

  • University of the Deutsche Bundesbank
  • Elementary school Am Schloss Hachenburg
  • Elementary school old town
  • Realschule plus and technical college Hachenburg
  • Burggartenschule - School with a special focus on learning and social-emotional development
  • School at Rothenberg - focus: language
  • Forest Education Center of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Forests

Personalities

Honorary citizen

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

literature

  • Anonymous: Hachenburg: garden city of the beautiful Westerwald, mountain health resort . Hachenburg, Ebner Verlag [leaflet] 1930.
  • Jens Friedhoff : Hachenburg, Blankenberg and Sayn. Castles, cities and valley settlements as the dominant centers of the Counts of Sayn. In: Nassau Annals . Volume 125, 2014, pp. 67-106.
  • Hellmuth Gensicke : State history of the Westerwald. (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau. Volume 13). 3. Unchanged reprint. Historical commission for Nassau  : Wiesbaden 1999.
  • Stefan Grathoff: History of the city of Hachenburg . Hachenburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-036381-8 .
  • Walter Kwasnik, Dieter Trautmann: Natural and cultural-historical monuments in the Westerwald: Kroppacher Switzerland and Hachenburg . Ed .: Landscape Museum Westerwald Hachenburg. (=  Westerwald contributions . No. 1 ). Hachenburg 1981, ISBN 3-921548-07-1 .
  • Markus Müller: Municipalities and State in the Imperial County of Sayn-Hachenburg 1652–1799. (= Contributions to the history of Nassau and the state of Hesse. Volume 3). Historical commission for Nassau  : Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-930221-14-4 .
  • Marcel Oeben, Daniel Schneider: The city charter to Altenkirchen, Hachenburg and Weltersburg. With edition of the document from 1314. In: Nassauische Annalen. Volume 125, 2014, pp. 53-65.
  • Hermann-Josef Roth: The Westerwald . DuMont, Cologne 1981.
  • Daniel Schneider: The granting of city rights to Altenkirchen, Hachenburg and Weltersburg in 1314 as part of imperial politics. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Altenkirchen (Westerwald). 57th volume, 2014, pp. 103–110.
  • Daniel Schneider: The urban policy of the Counts of Sayn in the late Middle Ages. In: Yearbook for West German State History. Volume 41, 2015, pp. 33–49.
  • Municipal Traffic Office Hachenburg (ed.): Hachenburg and its immediate surroundings. High altitude health resort and Kneipp spa. Book and art print shop C. Ebner, Hachenburg / Marienberg 1928 ( dilibri ).
  • Wilhelm Söhngen: History of the city of Hachenburg, at the same time commemorative publication for the six hundred year celebration of the city , Hachenburg 1914 ( dilibri ).
  • City administration Hachenburg (Hrsg.): Hachenburg in the Westerwald in the past and present . Hachenburg 1985.
  • Bruno M. Struif: Hachenburg - Traces of time of a Westerwald residence city . Hachenburg 1999, ISBN 3-00-005238-0 . (Photo book about Hachenburger history)

Web links

Commons : Hachenburg  - Collection of Images
Wikisource: Hachenburg in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ a b c State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate: My village, my city. Retrieved December 23, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
  4. ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Official directory of the municipalities and parts of the municipality. Status: January 2019 [ Version 2020 is available. ] . S. 73 (PDF; 3 MB).
  5. ↑ Illustration of the city charter and source critical edition by Marcel Oeben, Daniel Schneider: The award of city rights to Altenkirchen, Hachenburg and Weltersburg. With edition of the document from 1314, pp. 53–65. For the historical background to the award of city rights, see Daniel Schneider: Die Stadtrechtsverleihung 1314 in the context of imperial politics, pp. 103–110. See also Daniel Schneider: The urban policy of the Counts of Sayn in the late Middle Ages, pp. 33–49.
  6. ↑ a b c Kwasnik / Trautmann, p. 20 ff.
  7. ↑ Official municipality directory (= State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 407 ). Bad Ems February 2016, p. 165 (PDF; 2.8 MB).
  8. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: City Council Election 2019 Hachenburg. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  9. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Municipal elections 2014, city and municipal council elections.
  10. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Direct elections 2019. Accessed on November 12, 2019 (see Hachenburg, Verbandsgemeinde, eighth line of results).
  11. ↑ Numbers and facts ( Memento from January 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at www.hachenburg.de
  12. ↑ Kwasnik / Trautmann, p. 20 f. and Roth p. 80 f.
  13. ↑ The year 1322 affixed to the house is misleading and refers to the first documentary mention of a house at this point. See Kwasnik / Trautmann, p. 22.
  14. ↑ Homepage of the school