Peenemünde power plant

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Peenemünde power plant
Southeast view
Southeast view
location
Peenemünde power plant (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
Peenemünde power plant
Coordinates 54 ° 8 '18 "  N , 13 ° 45' 55"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 8 '18 "  N , 13 ° 45' 55"  E
Data
Primary energy coal
fuel coal
power 30 MW
Project start 1939
Start of operations 1943
Shutdown 1991
boiler Four Babcock steam boilers
f2

The Peenemünde power plant is a decommissioned coal-fired power plant in Peenemünde on the island of Usedom in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It was built in the early 1940s to supply energy to the Peenemünde Army Research Center and was in operation until 1990. The power plant, which is listed as an architectural monument , has been almost completely preserved with its conveyor systems and is the largest industrial monument in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Part of the facility is now used by the Peenemünde Historical-Technical Museum . The former turbine hall is used for concerts.

History and description

power plant

Aerial view of the Peenemünde power plant with crane runway and conveyor system at the former HVA supply port
View from the port
Crane runway and inclined elevator of the coaling plant

The Peenemünde power plant was built on behalf of the army administration by the power plant construction department of Siemens-Schuckert AG , which supplied the entire technical equipment, near the Peenemünder port, which had previously been expanded. Construction began on December 6, 1939. Originally, two identical power plants were planned, but only one of them was built. Due to the proximity to the Peene River , an efficient coal supply could be achieved directly from the ships lying in the port. To Bekohlungsanlage one as a riveted steel structure belongs MAN built 200 m long crane runway below the crusher house was used to crush coal. From the crusher house, the coal was transported to the coal bunkers with conveyor belts in an inclined elevator.

The power station building is a typical industrial building of National Socialist architecture . Proportioning and shaping suggest Hans Hertlein as an architect or a designer who was based on Hertlein's buildings for Siemens in Berlin. The building was erected on an irregular floor plan on reinforced concrete piles as a three-and-a-half- story reinforced concrete skeleton structure and then clinkered . The southern part is stepped in height and escape. The facades of the machine house are structured by pilaster strips and ribbon windows. At the southeast corner there is a tower-like extension. A wing was added at a right angle to the northeast corner, which houses a monumental staircase. The power plant had been connected to the Zinnowitz – Peenemünde railway since 1940 .

In the boiler room , four were Babcock - boiler with traveling grate . Each boiler had a coal bunker for 200 tons of hard coal . The steam turbines in the machine house had a total output of 30 megawatts. The cooling and service water taken from the harbor basin was cleaned in a sieve house. The heated cooling water was returned to the port, which meant that the port entrance could be kept free of ice in winter. A large part of the waste heat was used to operate a district heating system for the HVA.

The switchgear and cable floor as well as the management offices were housed in an extension, the switch house. The control room was spatially separated from the power plant in a bunker-like building.

The control room went into operation on June 1, 1942. The plant was commissioned in November 1943. Of the electrical output produced by the power plant, which is specified as 30 to 33 MW, around 22 MW went to the oxygen plant , in which liquid oxygen was produced at great technical expense to drive rockets.

After the occupation of Peenemünde by the Red Army , the power plant continued to operate. Operations manager Walter Petzold had decided against the demolition ordered by the last Peenemünder military commander, for which explosive charges had already been prepared. By August 1945, a complete machine set with boiler system as well as high and low voltage switchgear was dismantled and transported away as a repair . The 50 percent dismantling agreed with the Soviet authorities was not complied with by the Soviet side. In October 1945 the production engineer Walter Petzold had to warn against further dismantling, otherwise the operation of the plant, which in addition to the Soviet troops stationed on Usedom, also supplied the city of Wolgast with electricity. At the beginning of the 1950s, it was repaired and expanded. Another eastern wing was added to the northern wing as a two-story brick building on the gable. Until the end of March 1990, the Peenemünde power plant supplied electricity to the GDR's network and then produced heat for the Peenemünde marine site until 1991.

Museum and venue

After the final shutdown, an exhibition on the history of the site was set up in the power plant with the support of the municipality, which formed the foundation stone for the historical-technical information center. The state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania has been involved since 2010. Between December 2010 and January 2012 comprehensive backup, conservation and repair work was carried out on the buildings and technical facilities, with 3 million euros from the economic stimulus package the federal government funded. On April 27, 2012, the permanent exhibition "The power plant - built for eternity ...?" Was opened on an area of ​​1000 m 2 . The restoration project was awarded the Europa Nostra Prize in 2013 in Category I - Restoration / Conservation.

The turbine hall has been available as an exhibition and event location since 2002. There were several opening and closing concerts of the Usedom Music Festival . Guest conductors included Mstislaw Rostropowitsch , Krzysztof Penderecki , Christoph von Dohnányi , Esa-Pekka Salonen , Alan Gilbert , Andris Nelsons , Christoph Eschenbach , Neeme , Paavo and Kristjan Järvi as well as Kurt Masur .

photos

literature

  • Leo Schmidt, Uta K. Mense: Monument landscape Peenemünde. A scientific inventory - Conservation Management Plan. Ch. Links Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-86153-718-2 .
  • Volkhard Bode: Missile traces: armory and military base Peenemünde. Ch. Links Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86153-345-0 .
  • State Office for Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Hrsg.): The architectural and art monuments in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Western Pomerania coastal region. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1995, p. 344.

Web links

Commons : Kraftwerk Peenemünde  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d The power plant. Historical-Technical Museum Peenemünde, archived from the original on January 19, 2017 ; Retrieved August 22, 2013 .
  2. HTM Peenemünde receives Europa Nostra Award. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017 ; Retrieved August 22, 2013 .
  3. Power plant of the Peenemünde Museum. Retrieved August 22, 2013 .
  4. Storms of applause at a special place: peace sign in Peenemünde. Usedom Music Festival, accessed on August 22, 2013 .