Tacht-e Rostam (Balch)

نوبهار نوگنبد; Nou-Bahār, Tacht-e Rostam, No Gombad
	Nou-Bahār, Tacht-e Rostam, No Gombad
	Nou-Bahār, Tacht-e Rostam, No Gombad
Coordinates	36 ° 44 ′ N , 66 ° 53 ′ E Coordinates: 36 ° 44 ′ N , 66 ° 53 ′ E
Basic data
Country	Afghanistan
Balkh near Mazar-e Sharif , Balkh (province)
ISO 3166-2	AF
height	356 m

Tacht-e Rostam with canopy

Tacht-e Rostam ( Persian تخت رستم, DMG Taḫt-e Rostam , 'Throne of Rostam') or Ataschkade-ye Nou-Bahār ( Persian آتشکده نوبهار, DMG Ātaškade-ye Nou-bahār ) is a ruin in the province of Balkh in northern Afghanistan . The originally Zoroastrian temple is located about 20 km west of the city of Mazar-e Sharif and south of the historic city of Balkh . It is located near the Alburz ridge . The ruin is evidence of a large building complex that was repeatedly redesigned and finally destroyed over the centuries. What remains is an approximately 20 × 20 m area with a small remnant of columns and a circular hill.

Nou-Bahār as a temple and mosque

The place was originally an Indo-Iranian place of worship u. a. for Mithra and Anahita , then a Zoroastrian fire temple as Tacht-e Rostam . After the Islamic conquest of the area in the 7th century, the temple became the No Gombad mosque ( Persian مسجد نو گنبد) "Nine-domed Mosque", the first mosque in the territory of Bactria, and a mausoleum, named as Hajji Piyade Baba ( Persian حاجى پياده بابا), after a judge buried there who is said to have made the pilgrimage to Mecca on foot . Besides Tārichāne in Damghan, the domed mosque is the only Islamic building in Persia that has survived from before 900. Today, under the auspices of UNESCO , the ruins are covered to protect them from further destruction.

In travel reports by Charles Edward Yate (1886) and Oskar von Niedermayer (1915), it is described in detail in better condition.

Nou-Bahār in literature

The geographer and historian al-Masʿūdī wrote about Nou-Bahār in the 10th century that Manūtschehr had built a temple dedicated to the moon there. Seven centuries later, the orientalist Thomas Hyde Nou-Bahār describes the first fire temple (Pyraeum) in detail in his main work. Like al-Masʿūdī, he connects the temple with Manūtschehr. According to the theologian Johann Friedrich Kleuker , the place was the "most revered of all fire temples".

The Scottish travel writer and painter James Baillie Fraser called the fire temple in Balch "Azar-Gushtasp". Carl Ritter writes about the variety of names :

“The Muslims are not embarrassed to give it all sorts of names: Kabah Zaratuscht, di Temple of Zoroaster (from Kabah, di Kubus then Temple House), or Kerennai Chaneh, di Trumpeter House or Nagareh Chaneh, d. i most commonly Taubenaus [...] "

The "Idol Temple Newbehar" was one of the seven geographical wonders of the world mentioned by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall .

literature

Ernst Cohn-Wiener: Turan: Islamic architecture in Central Asia . Wasmuth, Berlin 1930.
William Ouseley: Travels in Various Countries of the East: More Particularly Persia . Vol. I, London 1819.
Ivan Lavrowitsch Jaworski: Trip of the Russian legation to Afghanistan and Bukhara in the years 1878–79 . Jena 1885.

Web links

Individual evidence

^ Robert Hillenbrand: The Islamic Architecture of Persia . In: Ders .: Studies in Medieval Islamic Architecture. Vol II. The Pindar Press, London 2006, p. 5
↑ Balkh: Haji Pirada Mosque. P. 1 , accessed on April 22, 2014 (English).
↑ Charles Edward Yate: Northern Afghanistan , William Blackwood, Edinburgh & London 1888, p. 258 f, here based on the ebook transcription: Tope-i-Eustam and Takht-i-Eustam instead of Top e Rustam and Tacht-e Rostam
^ Mas'ūdī: Les Prairies d'Or . Texts and traduction by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. 9 vols. Paris 1861–1877. [1] , Vol. 4 de 9, pp. 47f.
↑ Thomas Hyde : Veterum Persarum et Parthorum et Medorum Religionis Historia . Editio Secunda , MDCCLX, p. 103.
↑ Johann Friedrich Kleuker : Appendix to Zend-Avesta, Volume 2, p. 62.
↑ James Baillie Fraser, Historical and descriptive account of Persia, from the earliest times to the most recent, together with a detailed overview of its resources, government, population, natural history and the character of its inhabitants, especially the migrating tribes; including a description of Afghanistan and Beluchistan, translated by Johann Sporschil, 1st part, Leipzig, 1836, p. 126.
^ Carl Ritter, Die Gekunde vonasien , Vol. VIII, Berlin 1854, p. 935.
↑ Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: Advertisement of the Siebenmeers: together with an index with words of Germanic languages of related Persian ones. , Vienna 1831. pp. 76f. [2]

[1] Robert Hillenbrand: The Islamic Architecture of Persia . In: Ders .: Studies in Medieval Islamic Architecture. Vol II. The Pindar Press, London 2006, p. 5

[2] Balkh: Haji Pirada Mosque. P. 1 , accessed on April 22, 2014 (English).

[3] Charles Edward Yate: Northern Afghanistan , William Blackwood, Edinburgh & London 1888, p. 258 f, here based on the ebook transcription: Tope-i-Eustam and Takht-i-Eustam instead of Top e Rustam and Tacht-e Rostam

[4] Mas'ūdī: Les Prairies d'Or . Texts and traduction by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. 9 vols. Paris 1861–1877. [1] , Vol. 4 de 9, pp. 47f.

[5] Thomas Hyde : Veterum Persarum et Parthorum et Medorum Religionis Historia . Editio Secunda , MDCCLX, p. 103.

[6] Johann Friedrich Kleuker : Appendix to Zend-Avesta, Volume 2, p. 62.

[7] James Baillie Fraser, Historical and descriptive account of Persia, from the earliest times to the most recent, together with a detailed overview of its resources, government, population, natural history and the character of its inhabitants, especially the migrating tribes; including a description of Afghanistan and Beluchistan, translated by Johann Sporschil, 1st part, Leipzig, 1836, p. 126.

[8] Carl Ritter, Die Gekunde vonasien , Vol. VIII, Berlin 1854, p. 935.

[9] Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: Advertisement of the Siebenmeers: together with an index with words of Germanic languages of related Persian ones. , Vienna 1831. pp. 76f. [2]