Taj al-Muluk Buri

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Taj al-Muluk Buri ( Arabic تاج الملوك بوري, DMG Tāǧ al-Mulūk Būrī ; † June 9, 1132 ), sometimes also called Böri or Taj el-Moluk , was an emir of the Burid dynasty of Damascus . His name of honor (laqab) was translated as "Crown of Kings".

biography

Buri's father, Zahir ad-Din Tughtigin , served as Atabeg of the Seljuq emirs of Damascus from 1095. In 1101 he was appointed governor in Jabala by his father , but he quickly turned the population there against him, whereupon the ruler of Tripoli succeeded in taking power in Jabala. Buri fell in his captivity, but was released from her by his father. In 1108 he represented his father with the caliph in Baghdad . In 1104 the Seljuq emirs withdrew from the power of their Atabeg by fleeing Damascus, which enabled the Tughtigin family to establish sole rule. In 1110 Buri was entrusted with the governorship of Baalbek . In the autumn of 1118 he attacked the army of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem , who had just undertaken a raid through the Hauran , but suffered a heavy defeat.

On February 13, 1128 Tughtigin died and Buri was able to take over the rule as an emir in Damascus as his testamentary successor. In the following year he kicked off a well-prepared wave of cleansing against the Shiite community of the "Batinites" (Nizarites / Assassins) , which his father still tolerated , which resulted in one of the largest pogroms in medieval Syria. Several thousand members of this community, some sources speak of up to 20,000, were massacred in Damascus. Many of them were crucified on the city wall. In addition, Buri had his father's vizier strangled during a council meeting because he was one of the supporters of the Nizarites. In retaliation for this, the leader of the Nizarites, Ismail al-Ajami , handed over the border fortress of Banyas , which he administered, to the Christians of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and led his community there into exile. In the same year Zengi marched with army power from Mosul in northern Syria and took control of Aleppo . Because Buri was tied up in the dispute with the Franks, he couldn't do anything about it. From then on, Damascus ( Buriden ) and Aleppo ( Zengiden ) were in a rivalry for supremacy over the Muslims of Syria.

In autumn 1129 Buri was able to ambush and defeat a Frankish army under Wilhelm von Bures near Damascus. In the spring of 1130 his son Sawindsch fell into captivity from Zengi, who was able to take Hama . The following year, Buri was able to buy his son out in exchange for a Zengi follower he had captured.

On May 7, 1131, Buri met the retribution of the "Batinites" when two of them struck down several daggers after a visit to the bathhouse on the way to his palace. Both assassins came from Persia and had disguised themselves as Turkish mercenaries in the years before, thanks to their particularly outstanding engagement in combat, serving up in his trusted environment. Buri survived the assassination attempt, but his wounds had healed poorly, so that they broke open again a year later while riding and he died in agony.

Buri was married to Zamarud Khatun, who married his arch rival Zengi in 1138. His sons were:

literature

  • Farhad Daftary , The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press 1990, p. 348.
  • Heinz Halm , caliphs and assassins. Egypt and the Middle East at the time of the First Crusades 1074–1171. Munich: CH Beck 2014, pp. 175, 206, 232.
  • Steven Runciman , A History of the Crusades, German translation: Geschichte der Kreuzzüge, 4th edition 2003, pp. 346–347, 374, 405, 453, 485–488, 500.

swell

predecessor Office successor
Zahir ad-Din Tughtigin Emir of Damascus
(Burid dynasty)
1128–1132 		Shams al-Muluk Ismail
personal data
SURNAME Taj al-Muluk Buri
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Taj al-Muluk Buri, Böri
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Emir of Damascus
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century
DATE OF DEATH June 9, 1132