Tarāwīh
Tarāwīh ( Arabic تراويح, DMG tarāwīḥ , or Salāt at-Tarāwīh ) is the Arabic name for the Islamic prayers that the Sunnis in the month of Ramadan make daily after the night prayer (صلاة العشاء / ṣalāt al-ʿišāʾ ) and form an important ritual part of the month of fasting. The entire Quran is recited within the Islamic month of Ramadan via the daily prayer units of the Tarāwīh . Every Muslim who takes part in the Tarāwīḥ prayer is able to hear the entire Koran within the month of Ramadan.
Tarāwīḥ is the plural form of the Arabic word tarwīḥa , which means "relaxation", "refreshment" or "pause". The term refers to the recovery phases between the respective prayer sections.
Basics
Although Mohammed is said to have already performed the Tarāwīh prayers, it is said that he refused to make them compulsory. The second caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab is considered to be the one who introduced them to the religious life of Islam . Umar recommended that the Tarāwīh prayers be celebrated in the first half of the night under the guidance of prayer leaders.
Since the Tarāwīh prayers do not go back to the Prophet, they are rejected by the Twelve Shia as an unacceptable innovation . The Sunnis do not regard these prayers as compulsory ( Fard ), but assign them to the category of recommended actions ( Mandūb , Sunna ). It is also recommended to perform the Tarāwīh prayers together in the mosque, but performance at home with family members is also permitted.
procedure
The Tarāwīh prayers are performed on the night of the first Ramadan. There is no reliable record from the Prophet about the number of rakʿas in the Tarāwīh prayers. For this reason, the division of prayer varies according to the imam's legal school and recitation style . Three of the four Sunni schools of law recommend 20 rakʿas, while the Malikites recommend 36. Normal Muslim daily prayers, on the other hand, only consist of two to four rakʿas. The Twelver Shiites recommend distributed alternatively a maximum of 1000 Rak'at formless throughout the Ramadan, but they are voluntary as well.
Two rakʿas are referred to as one taslīma in tarāwīh prayers . Each taslīma is preceded by a declaration of intent: uṣallī sunnata t-tarāwīḥi rakʿataini imāman (od. Maʾmūman ) li-Llāhi taʿālā, Allāhu akbar ("I am now praying the recommended tarāwīh prayer, which consists of two rakʿas, following the prayer or prayer "To God, he is exalted. God is great"). After two taslīmas there are phases of relaxation, after which the Tarāwīh prayers are named. Between the two taslīmas, various additional prayers and praises to Mohammed, the rightly guided caliphs and the companions of the prophets are inserted. The total duration of the prayers is up to 90 minutes, depending on the speed of the recitation. In many mosques, the Tarāwīh prayers are followed by the Witr prayers, which are also recommended, but which usually only very few Muslims participate.
Today the Tarāwīh prayers from Mecca are also broadcast live on television with simultaneous English and French translations.
literature
- John L. Esposito: The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Oxford University Press US 2004, ISBN 978-0-19-512559-7 , p. 276 ( excerpt from Google Book Search USA )
- Norbert Hofmann: The Islamic festival calendar in Java and Sumatra with special consideration of the fasting month and fasting break festival in Jakarta and Medan . Bad Honnef: Bock + Herchen 1978. pp. 111-117. Available online here .
- JA Wensinck: Art. Tarawih , in: Encyclopaedia of Islam , 2. A., Vol. 10, p. 222 = 1. A., Vol. 9, p. 664f., Online
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Wensinck.
- ↑ See Leone Caetani : Annali dell'Islam . Milano 1910. Vol. III, pp. 443f. can be viewed online here.
- ^ Rüdiger Lohlker: Islam. A story of ideas . UTB 2008, ISBN 978-3-8252-3078-4 , p. 42 ( restricted online version in Google Book Search - USA ).
- ↑ See Esposito and Wensinck.
- ↑ See Hofmann 112.
- ↑ See Hofmann 111.
- ↑ JA Wensinck: Art. Tarawih, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2. A., Vol. 10, p. 222
- ↑ See Hofmann 112.
- ↑ See Hofmann 112-115.
- ↑ See Hofmann 112.
- ↑ See Hofmann 117.
- ↑ Ahmad Wahaj Al-Siddiqu: Al-Sudais to lead Tarawih prayers ( Memento of the original from March 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the internet edition of the Saudi Gazette (accessed January 27, 2010).
